A new method for the selective quantitation of cyanogenic glycosides by membrane introduction mass spectrometry

A new method is described for the rapid, sensitive, virtually interference-free, and selective quantitation of cyanogenic glycosides in aqueous extracts using membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS). Selective monitoring, by either conventional MIMS or cryotrap-MIMS, not of HCN but of the co-released ketones (acetone and butan-2-one), when performed for both the crude cassava extracts and the linamarase-NaOH-hydrolyzed extracts, is found to offer an advantageous alternative to classic spectrophotometric methods based on HCN analysis for the selective quantitation of the two cyanogenic glycosides linamarin and lotaustralin expressed as both the free HCN content and the total cyanogenic potential (total HCN).12591529153

Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience

Self-grooming is a complex innate behaviour with an evolutionarily conserved sequencing pattern and is one of the most frequently performed behavioural activities in rodents. In this Review, we discuss the neurobiology of rodent self-grooming, and we highlight studies of rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders-including models of autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder-that have assessed self-grooming phenotypes. We suggest that rodent self-grooming may be a useful measure of repetitive behaviour in such models, and therefore of value to translational psychiatry. Assessment of rodent self-grooming may also be useful for understanding the neural circuits that are involved in complex sequential patterns of action.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant NS025529)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant HD028341)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant MH060379

Duffy blood group genotypes among malaria patients in Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon Genótipos do sistema sanguíneo Duffy em pacientes maláricos de Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira

We have compared Duffy blood group genotype distribution, as determined by polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific primers, in 68 Plasmodium vivax-infected patients and 59 non-vivax malaria controls from Rondônia, Brazil. Homozygosity for the allele Fy, which abolishes Duffy antigen expression on erythrocytes, was observed in 12% non-vivax controls but in no P. vivax patient. However, no significant association was found between Fy heterozygosity and protection against P. vivax. The Fy x allele, which has recently been associated with very weak erythrocyte expression of Duffy antigen, was not found in local P. vivax patients.<br>Compara-se neste trabalho a distribuição de genótipos do sistema sangüíneo Duffy, determinados através de reação em cadeia da polimerase com oligonucleotídeos iniciadores alelo-específicos, em 68 pacientes com infecção por Plasmodium vivax e em 59 controles com malária não-vivax de Rondônia, Brasil. Nenhum paciente infectado com P. vivax, mas 12% dos controles não-vivax, eram homozigotos para o alelo Fy, que abole a expressão do antígeno Duffy em hemácias. No entanto, não se observou evidência de proteção significativa contra P. vivax entre indivíduos heterozigotos para Fy. O alelo Fy x, que tem sido recentemente associado com a expressão eritrocitária muito fraca do antígeno Duffy, não foi encontrado entre pacientes locais com infecção por P. vivax