8th International Symposium on fruit flies of economic importance

Sabater Muñoz, B.; Urbaneja García, A.; Navarro Llopis, V. (2010). 8th International Symposium on fruit flies of economic importance. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/11200Archivo delegad

Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with deltamethrin resistance in commercially sourced Phytoseiulus persimilis

The implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in current agricultural practice is a convenient and very effective strategy to maintain pest populations under control. The use of biological control agents, like Phytoseiulus persimilis, is key for the success of such an approach. This predatory mite is widely used since it is very effective for controlling Tetranychus urticae, one of the most devastating crop pests. Here we identify several mutations located in the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) of commercially sourced P. persimilis that correlate with a reduced susceptibility to the pyrethroid deltamethrin. We found that the mites sourced from two different biocontrol product companies have intrinsic genotypic differences that correlate with their phenotype when tested with different concentrations of deltamethrin. Mites from Syngenta Bioline, carrying the mutations M918L and A1536T, were able to survive deltamethrin concentrations of up to 10 ppm, while the mites from Koppert Biological Systems, with the combination M918L, L925V and S1539T, survived treatment with 40 ppm. All of the point mutations identified in the predatory mite samples are located in a particular region of the VGSC, previously proposed as the binding site for this family of pesticides and identified as a 'hot spot' for resistance

Influence of ground predators on the survival of the Mediterranean fruit fly pupae, Ceratitis capitata, in Spanish citrus orchards

A survey of predaceous ground arthropods was conducted in two citrus orchards in Valencia, Spain, and their role as predators of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions. A total of 2959 predaceous arthropods were collected in pitfall traps in the two orchards from July 2003 to September 2004. Ants (Hymenoptera) were the most abundant group (83.61%), followed by Staphylinidae (7.77%), Araneae (5.24%), Dermaptera (2.13%), Carabidae (0.64%) and Cicindelidae (0.61). Pupae disappearance rates were higher during the warmer months of the year, from May to October, and in the orchard with the largest ant population. In the warm season, the mean survival of C. capitata pupae was 35.7±6.2% and 14.3±6.7%, respectively, in both orchards. Patterns of predation, inferred from broken or abnormal pupae, were more frequently observed in the colder months, from November to April, when spiders, Staphylinidae and other predators were present. In the cold season, the combined effect of predation and low temperature led to an adult emergence rate of 26.7±9.9% and 13.0±7.5% in both orchards. In no-choice laboratory trials, all predator species tested fed at significantly different rates on C. capitata pupae. Preliminary data show that the Carabids, Pseudophonus rufipes (Duftschmid) and Harpalus distinguendus (Degeer), were the most voracious species, consuming more than one pupa per day. © 2006 International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC)

Selection of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Specific Recombinant Monoclonal Phage Display Antibodies for Prey Detection Analysis

Several recombinant antibodies against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), one of the most important pests in agriculture worldwide, were selected for the first time from a commercial phage display library of human scFv antibodies. The specificity and sensitivity of the selected recombinant antibodies were compared with that of a rabbit polyclonal serum raised in parallel using a wide range of arthropod species as controls. The selected recombinant monoclonal antibodies had a similar or greater specificity when compared with classical monoclonal antibodies. The selected recombinant antibodies were successfully used to detect the target antigen in the gut of predators and the scFv antibodies were sequenced and compared. These results demonstrate the potential for recombinant scFv antibodies to be used as an alternative to the classical monoclonal antibodies or even molecular probes in the post-mortem analysis studies of generalist predators. Citation: Monzo C, Urbaneja A, Ximenez-Embun M, Garcia-Fernandez J, Garcia JL, et al. (2012) Selection of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Specific Recombinant Monoclonal Phage Display Antibodies for Prey Detection Analysis. PLoS ONE 7(12): e51440. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.005144

Eliciting tomato plant defenses by exposure to herbivore induced plant volatiles

[EN] When zoophytophagous mirids (Hemiptera: Miridae) feed on tomato plants they activate both direct and indirect defense mechanisms, which include the release of herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). HIPVs are capable of activating defense mechanisms in healthy neighboring plants. In this work, we investigated which of these mirid-induced HIPVs are responsible for inducing plant defenses. Healthy tomato plants were individually exposed to eight HIPVs [1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, hexyl butanoate, methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate] for 24 hours. Then, the expression level of defensive genes was quantified. All HIPVs led to increased expression of defensive genes by the plant when compared to unexposed tomato plants. In a further step, (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate and methyl salicylate were selected to study the response of four tomato key pests and one natural enemy to tomato plants previously exposed to both HIPVs relative to unexposed control plants. Plants previously exposed to both HIPVs were repellent to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), attractive to the parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and indifferent to Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). The volatiles emitted by plants previously exposed to both selected volatiles were also determined. Increased levels of C5 and C6 fatty acid-derived volatile compounds and beta-ionone were detected, confirming that both HIPVs significantly activated the lipoxygenase pathway. These results are the starting point to advance the use of volatile compounds as defense elicitors in tomato crops.The research leading to these results was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO (AGL2014-55616-C3 and RTA201700073-00-00) and the Conselleria d'Agricultura, Pesca i Alimentacio de la Generalitat Valenciana. The authors thank Dr. Alejandro Tena (IVIA) and Alice Mockford (University of Worcester) for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript.Perez-Hedo, M.; Alonso-Valiente, M.; Vacas, S.; Gallego, C.; Rambla Nebot, JL.; Navarro-Llopis, V.; Granell Richart, A.... (2021). Eliciting tomato plant defenses by exposure to herbivore induced plant volatiles. Entomologia Generalis. 41(3):209-218. https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2021/1196S20921841

Comparative analysis of responses to COVID-19 in UNESCO Landscapes and World Heritage Sites from Southern Europe and America

Purpose Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, UNESCO Landscapes and World Heritage sites have faced unstable situations. Both at the sites themselves and in the research centres, universities and even the homes of the people involved, they have acted and responded to the best of their ability. In this context, the aim of the comparative analysis of different cases carried out here is to understand the main effects of the pandemic in the short term. On the one hand, the purpose is to determine what the general response trends have been and, on the other, to measure the resilience capacity in each case. Design/methodology/approach Up to eight cases studies representing different and diverse kinds of Heritage and Protected Natural sites from Southern Europe and America are compared. Findings In a context of uncertainty, new responses, unique opportunities and hitherto unseen weaknesses have arisen in research and management of natural and cultural heritage. In general terms, the dialogue between officials, technicians and researchers that have put together this article underlines the need to work towards a governance model that engages everyone in dialogue. Discrepancies between overlapping strategies and plans, which is the main conflict detected, should be avoided while a decentralisation of policies could be more operational. In this sense, situated knowledge may be of help in configuring practical management tools. Originality/value This paper compares and contrasts for first time the effects of the pandemic in Europe and Latin America. This exercise has provided a valuable diagnostic for present and future heritage management

Infecciones virales encubiertas en Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) detección, distribución y coste biológico

La mosca mediterránea de la fruta, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae), es una plaga agrícola capaz de atacar una gran variedad de frutas. Una de las principales estrategias para su gestión es la técnica del insecto estéril (TIE) que consiste en la cría masiva y posterior liberación en campo de machos estériles. La presencia de virus en C. capitata amenaza la cría masiva y la posterior aplicación de la TIE. Recientemente, ciertos virus se han relacionado con infecciones encubiertas en C. capitata