Design method for four-reflector type beam waveguide systems

Discussed is a method for the design of four reflector type beam waveguide feed systems, comprised of a conical horn and 4 focused reflectors, which are used widely as the primary reflector systems for communications satellite Earth station antennas. The design parameters for these systems are clarified, the relations between each parameter are brought out based on the beam mode development, and the independent design parameters are specified. The characteristics of these systems, namely spillover loss, crosspolarization components, and frequency characteristics, and their relation to the design parameters, are also shown. It is also indicated that design parameters which decide the dimensions of the conical horn or the shape of the focused reflectors can be unerringly established once the design standard for the system has been selected as either: (1) minimizing the crosspolarization component by keeping the spillover loss to within acceptable limits, or (2) minimizing the spillover loss by maintaining the crossover components below an acceptable level and the independent design parameters, such as the respective sizes of the focused reflectors and the distances between the focussed reflectors, etc., have been established according to mechanical restrictions. A sample design is also shown. In addition to being able to clarify the effects of each of the design parameters on the system and improving insight into these systems, the efficiency of these systems will also be increased with this design method

Alteraciones fisiológicas de la piel percibidas por gestantes asistidas en servicios públicos de salud

OBJETIVO: Descrever as alterações de pele percebidas por gestantes durante o período gestacional e verificar o grau de incômodo que tais modificações provocaram. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo exploratório com participação de 124 gestantes, de quatro unidades básicas de saúde da região Leste de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: A maioria das gestantes (91,1 %), percebeu mudanças na pele, durante o período gestacional, No total, foram registradas 345 alterações fisiológicas. As alterações mais citadas foram as manchas, alterações vasculares e estrias. A maioria relatou desconforto em razão dessas alterações. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento sobre as alterações permite ao profissional de saúde não subvalorizar esta problemática nem tampouco investir em intervenções desnecessárias.OBJECTIVE: To describe skin changes perceived by pregnant women during the gestation period and verify the level of discomfort caused by those changes. METHODS: Is a descriptive study involving 124 pregnant women in four basic health units in the eastern region of Sao Paulo. RESULTS: Most women (91.1%) perceived skin changes during the period of gestation. In total, 345 physiological alterations were recorded. The alterations most frequently cited were: skin spots, vascular changes and grooves. The majority of them reported discomfort due to those changes. CONCLUSION: The knowledge about the alterations allows the health professional to not undervalue these problems and to not invest in unnecessary interventions.OBJETIVO: Describir las alteraciones de piel percibidas por gestantes durante el período de gestación y verificar el grado de incomodidad que esas modificaciones provocaron. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo exploratorio con participación de 124 gestantes en cuatro unidades básicas de salud de la región Este de Sao Paulo. RESULTADOS: Durante el período de gestación la mayoría de las gestantes (91,1 %) percibió cambios en la piel. En total, fueron registradas 345 alteraciones fisiológicas. Las alteraciones más citadas fueron: manchas, alteraciones vasculares y, estrías. La mayoría relató incomodidad debido a esas alteraciones. CONCLUSIÓN: El conocimiento sobre las alteraciones le permite al profesional de la salud no subvalorizar esta problemática ni invertir en intervenciones desnecesarias

Clinical Efficacy of Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) For Detail Analysis of Daily Meal and Blood Glucose

Background: Background: Regarding nutritional therapy for obesity and diabetes, low carbohydrate diet (LCD) has been effective. Case presentation: The case is 61-year-old male with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). He has been an athlete for long, and exercised much in hot climate during Mar-Sept, 2021. He often drank much amount of oral rehydration solution (ORS) and sports drink solution (SDS). In late Sept, he felt strong fatigue, weight loss, thirsty, and visited a clinic. He was diagnosed to have severe T2DM with HbA1c 14.0%. Results: He started to take super-LCD and to take pictures of all meals every day. He can continue them perfectly and HbA1c decreased to 10.7% in October and 7.8% in November. He has checked pre-prandial and post-prandial blood glucose, ranging almost 120-200 mg/dL due to LCD continuation. Daily carbohydrate intake amounts were checked, which were 87g, 137g, 81g and 136g. Discussion and Conclusion: His intake of ORS and SDS seemed to be adequate judging from their difference. The clinical course was successful, that was probably due to satisfactory lifestyle, continuing LCD and recording diet method, accumulating picture data of all meal, calculating carbohydrate and calorie intake every day. This case become a significant reference

Exacerbation of Diabetic Control by Large Amount of Sports Drink in Baseball Athlete with Detail Investigation

Authors have continued clinical practice and research of low carbohydrate diet (LCD). The case is 62-year-old men with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For social/sport history, he worked as an administration manager of a large hospital and has been baseball player during 15-62 years old. Regarding medical history, he was on LCD with 96kg and HbA1c 6.0% in 2020. He participated many ballgames March-September 2021. He took oral rehydration solution (ORS) (Pokari Sweat, Otsuka Pharmaceutical) 1000ml/day during Mar-June in rather mild climate, and sports drink solution (SDS) (Body Mainte, Otsuka Pharmaceutical) 2000-3000ml/day during Jul-Sept in severe hot weather. He developed thirsty, polydipsia, polyuria, and fatigue and weight loss in Sept and HbA1c was 14.0%. Treatments started immediately by super-LCD, in which taken food in three meals a day was completely taken pictures by recording diet method. The analyzed carbohydrate amount was 40-90g per day, and LCD meal was effective. Just after LCD was started, blood glucose was normalized soon. HbA1c values were decreased to 10.3% in October and 7.8% in November. Consequently, this case had successful and satisfactory clinical improvement by LCD. Some discussion was described concerning LCD, hydration, ORS, SDS, adequate relationship with sports and so on