Ökológia és környezetvédelem gyakorlati jegyzet

A kiadvány kifejezetten kertészmérnök és agrármérnök egyetemi hallgatók számára készült. Célja, hogy elősegítse az ökológia és környezetvédelem különböző témaköreinek mélyebb megértését, és megkönnyítse a gyakorlati alkalmazásokat agrárkörnyezetben. Bízunk benne, hogy ez a gyakorlati jegyzet inspiráló és hasznos útmutatást nyújt a hallgatóknak a környezettudatos agrártevékenységhez, és hozzájárul ahhoz, hogy a jövő generációk iránt felelős, és ökológiai szempontból tudatos agrárszakemberekké váljanak

Synanthropic spider fauna of the Carpathian Basin in the last three decades

This paper reviews the scientific literature published on synanthropic spiders in three Carpathian Basin countries—Hungary, Slovakia and Romania. A total number of 204 spider species have been reported from human constructions. Most of the 204 spider species (165 species) found in buildings were only occasional visitors, so-called asynanthropic species with typically low abundance. On average, eusynanthropic (23 species) and hemisynanthropic (16 species) species accounted for 80% of the specimen number. We have discovered that the number of hemisynanthropic faunal elements have remained unchanged in the past three decades. At the same time 14 new eusynanthropic species have been observed in the region, roughly one new species in every 2 years. Some of them have been introduced from the tropics, but some species originates from southern Europe, which may be related to climate change. This hypothesis was also confirmed by the seasonal summer outdoor appearance of these eusynanthropic species. True tropical spiders could only be settled permanently in greenhouses with special climate (such as botanical gardens). We still do not have data of any synanthropic species posing a health risk in this region

Effect of Temperature on the Size of Sedimentary Remains of Littoral Chydorids

The body size of aquatic invertebrates is, to a great extent, dependent on ambient temperature, but size distributions are also determined by other factors like food supply and predation. The effect of temperature on organisms is formulated in the temperature–size hypothesis, which predicts a smaller body size with increasing temperature. In this study, the effect of temperature on the subfossil remains of three littoral Cladocera (Alona affnis, A. quadrangularis, and Chydorus cf. sphaericus) was investigated. Exoskeletal remains of these species can be found in large numbers in lacustrine sediments and over a wide north–south range in Europe. The total length of both headshield and postabdomen for A. affinis and A. quadrangularis and carapace length for C. cf. sphaericus were measured to observe their response to changes in latitude and temperature. A different response to ambient temperature in the growth of body parts was observed. The size of the headshields of both Alona species and of the carapace of Chydorus was significantly larger in colder regions as opposed to warm ones. It turned out that the postabdomen was not a good predictor of ambient temperature. While the sizes of all remains increased with latitude, the sizes of the Alona remains was smaller in the mountain lakes of the Southern Carpathians than in other cold lakes, in this case in Finland, a fact indicative of the importance of other factors on size distribution. This study demonstrates that a morphological response to climate is present in littoral cladocerans, and, therefore, changes in the length of headshield and carapace may be used as a proxy for climate changes in paleolimnological records

First record of the rare species Pardosa maisa Hippa & Mannila, 1982 (Araneae: Lycosidae) in Romania

The presence of a rare species, Pardosa maisa, is reported for the first time in Romania. Seven males and 4 females were collected in spring, using pitfall traps, from four marshy habitats located near two natural reserves within the Natura 2000 site “Cvmpia Careiului”, northwestern Romania