Managing Water under Uncertainty and Risk: The United Nations World Water Development Report 4

This report introduces new aspects of water issues: 1) it reintroduces the 12 challenge area reports that provided the foundation for the first two World Water Development Reports (WWDR); 2) 4 new reports on water quality, groundwater, gender, and desertification, land degradation and drought; 3) in recognition that the global challenges of water can vary considerably across countries and regions, a series of 5 regional reports have been included; 4) a deeper analysis of the main external forces of freshwater resources and possibilities for their future evolution; 5) managing water under uncertainty and risk

The water pricing dilemma : South Eastern Anatolia project, Turkey

The paper, while describing the present irrigation water pricing in Turkey as not being able to cover even O&M costs, emphasises the need of realistic policy, specially in view of the developing irrigation by GAP project(1.7 M ha), high costs of pumped water and sufficient evidence of farmer' ability to pay for assured water supply. The GAP Management, Operation and Maintenance Study (GAP MOM) as an example of Participatory Irrigation Management has also been describedUnver Olcay. The water pricing dilemma : South Eastern Anatolia project, Turkey. In: Eau et économie. 27èmes Journées de l'Hydraulique. Congrès de la Société Hydrotechnique de France. Paris, 24 au 26 septembre 2002. 2002

The Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Children: A Report From a Turkish Pediatric Neurology Clinic

This retrospective cohort study aims to assess the distribution of seizure types and epileptic syndromes in children with epilepsy who were followed up in a tertiary outpatient pediatric neurology clinic between January 2004 and December 2009. The findings of 533 children aged between 2 months and 16 years were evaluated. The International League Against Epilepsy criteria (of 1981 and 1989) were used for diagnosis and classification. The rate of partial seizures (56.5%) was higher than that of generalized seizures (43.5%). Partial seizures were more common during late childhood (P < .001). Localization-related epilepsies (53.3%) were more frequent than generalized epilepsies (37.1%). Generalized epilepsies were more frequent during the first year of life, whereas localization-related epilepsies were more common at later ages (P < .001). The majority had a symptomatic etiology (47.1%). The increased frequency of symptomatic etiologies attributed to perinatal insults suggests that intractable epilepsies during childhood represent an important health issue for developing countries

Lafora disease: a progressive myoclonic epilepsy

Lafora disease is a rare autosomal recessive progressive myoclonic epilepsy characterized by seizures, myoclonus and progressive cognitive decline. At the beginning of the symptoms the disease may be misdiagnosed as benign epileptic syndromes. Herein we present a 17-year-old girl followed with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy who was later admitted to our clinic with refractory seizures and dementia. A skin biopsy showed Lafora bodies and the diagnosis of Lafora disease was made. (Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 168-70

Integrated water management approaches for sustainable food production

With a growing and increasingly wealthy and urban population, it is likely that the role of agricultural water management in ensuring food security will become more important. Pressure on water resources is high. Adverse environmental impacts as a result of sometimes poor management of irrigation and drainage are well documented, calling into question the sustainability of some of the current water management practices. Water, food, energy and climate are intrinsically connected. Greater pressure on water resources and, hence, stronger interconnectivity between sectors sharing these resources, call for new, integrated approaches to agricultural water management. This paper explores the links between water, food, energy and climate. It then explores the role of irrigation and drainage in food production and in providing other ecosystem services that are essential for the sustainable use of natural resources. The paper argues that looking at water for food production in isolation would miss important developments outside the water sector that determine the sustainability of agricultural water management. Integrated approaches to food production are not only necessary to ensure sustainability. They also lead to higher benefits per unit of water. For example, integrating food production with other ecosystem services provided by irrigation and drainage not only contributes to sustainability, it also leads to much higher economic value of benefits. This implies breaking disciplinary boundaries and encouraging greater cooperation from planning to implementation

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a Turkish case

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare form of acute encephalopathy of unknown etiology characterized by typical symmetrical lesions in the thalami, with variable involvement of the white matter, brainstem and cerebellum. Clinically there is a rapid neurologic deterioration after a short period of a nonspecific viral-like illness associated with gastrointestinal or respiratory signs. Asian children are especially affected. Here we present a 3-year-old boy admitted to our hospital with fever and deterioration of consciousness. The diagnosis of ANEC was made by radiologic findings [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(3.000): 641-645