6 research outputs found
Quantum arbitrary waveform generator
Controlling the waveform of light is the key for a versatile light source in
classical and quantum electronics. Although pulse shaping of classical light is
a mature technique and has been used in various fields, more advanced
applications would be realized by a light source that generates arbitrary
quantum light with arbitrary temporal waveform. We call such a device a quantum
arbitrary waveform generator (Q-AWG). The Q-AWG must be able to handle
versatile quantum states of light, which are fragile. Thus, the Q-AWG requires
a radically different methodology from classical pulse shaping. In this paper,
we invent an architecture of Q-AWGs that can operate semi-deterministically at
a repetition rate over GHz in principal. We demonstrate its core technology via
generating highly non-classical states with waveforms that have never been
realized before. This result would lead to powerful quantum technologies based
on Q-AWGs such as practical optical quantum computing.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure
High-rate Generation and State Tomography of Non-Gaussian Quantum States for Ultra-fast Clock Frequency Quantum Processors
Quantum information processors greatly benefit from high clock frequency to
fully harnessing the quantum advantages before they get washed out by the
decoherence. In this pursuit, all-optical systems offer unique advantages due
to their inherent 100 THz carrier frequency, permitting one to develop THz
clock frequency processors. In practice, the bandwidth of the quantum light
sources and the measurement devices has been limited to the MHz range and the
generation rate of nonclassical states to kHz order -- a tiny fraction of what
can be achieved. In this work, we go beyond this limitation by utilizing
optical parametric amplifier (OPA) as a squeezed-light source and optical
phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSA) to realize high-rate generation of broadband
non-Gaussian states and their quantum tomography. Our state generation and
measurement system consists of a 6-THz squeezed-light source, a 6-THz PSA, and
a 66-GHz homodyne detector. With this system, we have successfully demonstrated
non-Gaussian state generation at a 0.9 MHz rate -- almost three orders of
magnitude higher than the current state-of-the-art experiments -- with a
sub-nanosecond wave packet using continuous-wave laser. The performance is
constrained only by the superconducting detector's jitter which currently
limits the usable bandwidth of the squeezed light to 1 GHz, rather than the
optical and electronic systems. Therefore, if we can overcome the limitation of
the timing jitter of superconducting detector, non-Gaussian state generation
and detection at GHz rate, or even THz rate, for optical quantum processors
might be possible with OPAs.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Transformation of tea catechins and flavonoid glycosides by treatment with Japanese post-fermented tea acetone powder
Japanese post-fermented teas are produced by a combination of aerobic and anaerobic microbial fermentation of the leaves of tea plant. Recently, it was revealed that tea products contain characteristic polyphenols identical to the tea catechin metabolites produced by mammalian intestinal bacteria, such as (2S)-1-(3′,4′,5′-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol (EGC-M1). In the present study, degradation of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) and epigallocatechin (EGC) with acetone powder prepared from Japanese post-fermented tea was examined. Under aerobic conditions, EGCg was hydrolysed to EGC and gallic acid, which were further converted to gallocatechin (GC) and pyrogallol, respectively. Under anaerobic conditions, EGCg was hydrolysed to EGC, which was further metabolised to GC, EGC-M1 and (4R)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxypentanoic acid (EGC-M2). Gallic acid was degraded to pyrogallol and then further decomposed. Anaerobic treatment of EGC with the acetone powder yielded EGC-M1, EGC-M2, (4R)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, and (4R)-5-(3,4 -dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone. Furthermore, similar anaerobic treatment of rutin and hesperidin yielded 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, respectively
Generation of Schr\"{o}dinger cat states with Wigner negativity using continuous-wave low-loss waveguide optical parametric amplifier
Continuous-wave (CW) squeezed light is used in generation of various optical
quantum states thus is a fundamental resource of fault-tolerant universal
quantum computation using optical continuous variables. To realize a practical
quantum computer, a waveguide optical parametric amplifier (OPA) is an
attractive CW squeezed light source in terms of its THz-order bandwidth and
suitability for modularization. The usages of a waveguide OPA in quantum
applications thus far, however, are limited due to the difficulty of the
generation of the squeezed light with a high purity. In this paper, we report
the first observation of Wigner negativity of the states generated by a
heralding method using a waveguide OPA. We generate Schr\"{o}dinger cat states
at the wavelength of 1545 nm with Wigner negativity using a quasi-single-mode
ZnO-doped periodically poled waveguide module we developed.
Wigner negativity is regarded as an important indicator of the usefulness of
the quantum states as it is essential in the fault-tolerant universal quantum
computation. Our result shows that our waveguide OPA can be used in wide range
of quantum applications leading to a THz-clock optical quantum computer.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
A prospective cohort study of periostin as a serum biomarker in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with nintedanib
Abstract This study investigated the utility of periostin, a matricellular protein, as a prognostic biomarker in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who received nintedanib. Monomeric and total periostin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 87 eligible patients who participated in a multicenter prospective study. Forty-three antifibrotic drug-naive patients with IPF described in previous studies were set as historical controls. Monomeric and total periostin levels were not significantly associated with the change in forced vital capacity (FVC) or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) during any follow-up period. Higher monomeric and total periostin levels were independent risk factors for overall survival in the Cox proportional hazard model. In the analysis of nintedanib effectiveness, higher binarized monomeric periostin levels were associated with more favorable suppressive effects on decreased vital capacity (VC) and DLCO in the treatment group compared with historical controls. Higher binarized levels of total periostin were associated with more favorable suppressive effects on decreased DLCO but not VC. In conclusion, higher periostin levels were independently associated with survival and better therapeutic effectiveness in patients with IPF treated with nintedanib. Periostin assessments may contribute to determining therapeutic strategies for patients with IPF