Effects of the combination of ketamine and medetomidine anaesthesia on haematological parameters in Sahel goats

The effects of the combination of ketamine and medetomidine intravenous (IV) anaesthesia on haematological parameters were evaluated in six sahel goats comprising of 5 females and 1 male with mean body weight of 19 ± 1.4kg. Each goat was given a recommended dose of the drugs combination: medetomidine at 0.01mg/kg and ketamine at 5mg/kg body weight IV. Pre injection blood samples were obtained and at 15 minutes interval during anaesthesia in EDTA bottles and later analyzed. The parameters evaluated were packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and differential leucocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes). The ketamine-medetomidine combination produced a significant decrease in PCV values from 30 minutes (24.00±1.23%) to 90 minutes (25.00±2.55%) compared with baseline value (29.50±1.52%); Hb also decreased significantly at 45mins. RBC and WBC values showed no significant difference compared with baseline values. Neutrophils decreased significantly at 45mins (35.17±3.25) compared to baseline value (41.50±3.67). There were no significant differences in lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils values from baseline. The ketamine and medetomidine combination produced decreases in PCV, Hb and neutrophils. The goats recovered from anaesthesia uneventfully.Keywords: Anaesthesia, Goats, Haematology, Ketamine, Medetomidine

Pengembangan Media CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Materi Sistem Organisasi Kehidupan Untuk Siswa Kelas VII Di SMP Negeri 30 Surabaya

AbstrakPenelitian dilakukan untuk memproduksi media pembelajaran model CAI yang dapat meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pembelajaran pada materi Sistem organisasi kehidupan mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam kelas VII. Media pengembangan CAI ini menggunakan model pengembangan yang di kembangkan oleh Brog dan Gall yaitu model R&D. Menggunakan jenis data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif, pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes. Penelitian pengembangan media model CAI ini memiliki tujuan guna mengukur gap antara hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah diterapkan media pembelajaran model CAI dalam proses pembelajaran. Dalam media pembelajaran CAI yang di kembangkan, diperoleh hasil validasi RPP sebesar 100% kategori sangat baik dan hasil validasi materi sejumlah 100% kategori sangat baik. Untuk Hasil validasi Media pembelajaran model CAI memperoleh nilai sebesar 93,1% kategori sangat baik, Sedangkan hasil dari pre-test dan post-test pada taraf signifikansi 5% yaitu ttabel = 1,99085, daerah penolakan H0 berada pada angka 1,99085 hingga (-1,99085) karena thitung = -3,6489932 berada pada penerimaan H0, maka dari nilai tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa data post test kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen terdapat perbedaan, padahal tingkat kemampuan kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen sama. Sehingga yang menjadikan hasil post test kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol adalah perbedaan perlakuan, jadi media pembelajaran model CAI efektif untuk mata pelajaran IPA materi sistem organisasi kehidupan untuk siswa kelas VII (tujuh) di SMP Negeri 30 SurabayaKata Kunci : Materi Sistem Organisasi Kehidupan, Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction), Hasil Belajar Siswa.AbstractThe research was conducted to produce a CAI model learning media that can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of learning on the material of the Life organization system of natural science subjects class VII. This CAI development media uses a development model developed by Brog and Gall, namely an R&D model. This research on the development of the CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) model media has the aim of measuring the gap between student learning outcomes before and after the application of the CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) model learning media in the learning process. In the CAI learning media developed, rpp validation results of 100% very good categories were obtained and material validation results of 100% very good categories were obtained. For the validation results of the CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) model learning media obtained a score of 93.1% in the very good category, while the results of the pre-test and post-test at a significance level of 5% namely ttabel = 1.99085, the H0 rejection area was at 1.99085 to (-1.99085) because the calculation = -3.6489932 was in the H0 admission, therefore, from this value, it can be concluded that the post-test data of the control group and the experimental group have differences, even though the level of ability of the control group and the experiment is the same. So that what makes the post-test results of the experimental and control groups is the difference in treatment, so that the learning media model of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is effective for science subjects material of life organization systems for grade VII (seven) students at SMP Negeri 30 SurabayaKeywords: CAI Media Development (Computer Assisted Instruction), Life Organization System Materials, Learning Outcom

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Dan Non Finansial Pada Usaha Kopra Di Desa Siduwonge Kecamatan Randangan Kabupaten Pohuwato

The purpose of this study were: 1). To determine whether the copra business financially worth the effort in the Village District of Randangan Siduwonge Pohuwato. 2). To determine whether the effort is worth the effort copra nonfinancial Siduwonge Village District of Randangan Pohuwato. This study was conducted in May to July. This type of research is survey research. The data obtained in this study is that the data in the form of primary and secondary data. Sampling will be done against the 30 respondents using purposive sampling. The analysis used is the financial analysis of the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Gross B / C Ratio, Net B / C Ratio and Payback Period. The results showed 1). Financially copra business in the Village District of Randangan Pohuwato Siduwonge worth the effort with 9.2 Million NPV, IRR (20.11%), Gross B / C ratio (1.27), Net B / C ratio (3.38 ) and payback period of 7 years 6 months. 2). In non-financial businesses in the village copra Siduwonge District of Randangan Pohuwato divided on several aspects which are as follows: a). Aspects of the Market. In a marketing system for businesses in the Village Siduwonge copra, farmers sell directly to buyers who typically have long subscription. Where the buyer directly come to the farmers who sell the copra. b). Technical Aspects. In this technical aspect of the farmers in the village siduwonge almost all have their own land as many as 25 people, but there are also some who rent land that is 5 people. c). Management aspects. In the management aspect of the planning is done before the process of harvesting coconuts into copra to be produced, the farmers in the village siduwonge not incorporated in the organization and for the direction and supervision in accordance with the land held by the copra farmers and for supervision also aims to work performed by farm workers in accordance with a predetermined agreement

Comparative Study of the Nutrient Composition of Millet and Maize-Based Complementary Weaning Foods

Children in the study area are mostly weaned on cereal gruel that is deficient in some essential nutrients. The current work compared the nutrient composition of millet (MLMX) and the (MZMX) based complementary food prepared from locally sourced food stuffs. MZMX was formulated from maize, soyabeans, groundnuts, crayfish and palm oil. MLMX contained millet in place of maize. Proximate composition of the two diets, were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and compared well with frisocream. Mineral element composition of the two diets was significantly ( p < 0.05) different when compared. Amino acid compositions of the diets were comparable to that of frisocream. Antinutritional factors in the two diets were not significantly (p > 0.05) different when compared

Evaluation of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Laterite-Metakaolin Mixtures for Solid Waste Leachate Containment

This paper presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the benefits of using metakaolin (MK) with laterite as liner material for containment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Laboratory tests were conducted on laterite specimens treated with MK at concentrations of 0 - 20 % by weight of the soil and compacted using four types of compaction energies. Hydraulic conductivity was determined based on permeation of the compacted laterite - MK mixtures with deionized water (DW) and municipal solid waste leachate (MSWL), respectively. Deionized water was the reference permeant fluid.  The results showed that hydraulic conductivity generally decreased with increase in the percentage addition of MK to the soil. From an economic and sustainability point of view, it has been found from the results that 5 % MK can be added to soil and compacted at moulding water content of 14.1 % using the West African Standard (WAS) compaction energy to achieve the regulatory hydraulic conductivity of less than or equal to 1 x 10-9 m/s for compacted soil liner. The natural logarithm of the hydraulic conductivity experimental results were computed and used to develop regression equations for estimating hydraulic conductivity given MK contents and compaction energies. The results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test carried out at 5 % level of significance showed that calculated F-statistics are statistically significant and the measured values of hydraulic conductivity compare well with the predicted values. The developed models can therefore be used to give good estimates of hydraulic conductivity of soils having similar properties with the laterite investigated in this study. Therefore, the developed models can be used to give good estimates of hydraulic conductivity of soils having similar properties with the laterite investigated in this study. Keywords ­_ Deionized water, Hydraulic conductivity, Leachate, Metakaolin, Municipal solid waste

Repositioning the Facilities in Technical College Workshops for Efficiency: A Case Study of North Central Nigeria

This article focuses on assessing the facilities in Government Technical College workshops in the context of a developing country. A descriptive survey design was adopted. Two research questions and a hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. A 35-item questionnaire was developed based on the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) standards on Technical College workshops, and was validated by three experts. Data was collected from 101 administrators, 140 teachers, and 24 workshop personnel randomly sampled and stratified along trades in 19 Government Technical Colleges in North Central Nigeria. Mean was employed to answer the research questions while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to test the hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysis. Results revealed that administrators, teachers, and workshop personnel shared similar views on inadequacy of facilities in Technical College workshops. It was therefore recommended that: The private sector should be encouraged to initiate and participate in the provision of facilities using such methods as build operate-and-transfer (BOT), build own-operate and transfer (BOOT) and rehabilitate-operate and transfer (ROT); special intervention funds should be set aside by Government for procurement of workshop facilities to technical colleges, such channels may include Education Tax Fund (ETF) as practiced in Nigeria; Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Parent Teacher Association (PTA), and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) should be asked for support in supplying relevant facilities to the workshops as obtained in some nations; and that a specific percentage of income tax generated annually by the Government should be utilized for provision of workshop facilities in technical colleges

Kinerja Pegawai dalam Pelayanan Administrasi di Kantor Kecamatan Boliyohuto Kabupaten Gorontalo

The purpose of this study is to find out how the performance of employees in performing administrative services in Boliyohuto District Office. The research method used is a quantitative approach with correlation method. The result of the writer\u27s observation on the performance of the employees in the administrative service at Boliyohuto Sub-District Office still needs some improvement. Based on the results of research that influence the performance of employees to administrative services in District Boliyohuto Gorontalo Regency, according to the results of testing the hypothesis that the price t arithmetic> of the price register. The closeness of the influence of the performance of employees to the administrative service is shown through calculation of determination that is approximately 40% variation that occurs in the scores of administrative services explained through the variation of employee performance in the district office Boliyohuto Gorontalo District. Improvement of administrative services has a significant (significant) relationship with employee performance through the relationship pattern shown by regression equation = 15 + 0.95X which is very meaningful. In conclusion that every change of one unit on variable X is the employee performance followed by the average change of 0.81 units on variableYyaitu administrative services in the district office Boliyohuto Gorontalo District. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja pegawai dalam melakukan pelayanan administrasi di Kantor Kecamatan Boliyohuto. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasi. Hasil pengamatan penulis pada kinerja pegawai dalam pelayanan administrasi di Kantor Camat Boliyohuto masih memerlukan beberapa pembenahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa pengaruh kinerja pegawai terhadap pelayanan administrasi di Kecamatan Boliyohuto Kabupaten Gorontalo, sesuai hasil pengujian hipotesis yaitu harga t hitung> dari harga tdaftar. Keeratan pengaruh kinerja pegawai terhadap pelayanan administrasi ditunjukkan melalui perhitungan determinasi yaitu kurang lebih 40% variasi yang terjadi pada skor pelayanan administrasi terjelaskan melalui variasi kinerja pegawai di kantor Kecamatan Boliyohuto Kabupaten Gorontalo. Peningkatan pelayanan administrasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (berarti) dengan kinerja pegawai dengan melalui pola hubungan yang ditunjukkan oleh persamaan regresi = 15+ 0,95X yang sangat berarti. Kesimpulannya bahwa setiap terjadi Perubahan satu unit pada variabel X yaitu kinerja pegawai diikuti oleh Perubahan rata – rata sebesar 0,81 unit pada variabelYyaitu pelayanan administrasi di di kantor Kecamatan Boliyohuto Kabupaten Gorontalo

The relationship between yield curve components and equity sectorial indices: Evidence from China

This paper examines the static and dynamic connectedness (returns and volatility) between the components of the sovereign yield curve (level, slope, curvature) and sectorial equity indices in China. We document a strong connection between these factors, particularly during three periods: the August 2011 stock market crash, the 2015 Chinese stock market crash and the 2018 US-China trade war. Our results show that the level component of the yield curve is a net transmitter of return spillovers, whereas the curvature component of the yield curve is a net transmitter of volatility spillovers. These findings may be useful for portfolio managers and policymakers making decisions regarding portfolio allocations, risk management, and monetary policy

Application of Stochastic Frontier Analysis in the Estimation of Allocative Efficiency of Part-time Food Crop Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria

In this paper, stochastic frontier cost model is used to analyze the allocative efficiency of part-time food crop farmers in Idah Local Government Area of Kogi State, North Central Nigeria and also to establish the socio-economic factors that determine allocative efficiency. It is evident from the study that part-time food crop farmers are not fully efficient in their allocation of production resources.  This was confirmed by the presence of allocative inefficiency effects in part-time food crop farming with average allocative efficiency of 97.95 %. The study also revealed that rising age and household size contribute to allocative inefficiency in part-time food crop farming, while level of education and farming experience were found to increase allocative efficiency among the part-time food crop farmers. It is recommended that policies aimed at encouraging relatively younger and educated persons and providing them easy access to improved seeds and fertilizers should be formulated .This will go a long way in enhancing allocative efficiency in part-time food crop farming. Keywords: Part-time farming, stochastic frontier cost model, allocative efficienc

Network connectedness dynamics of the yield curve of G7 countries

Our study examines the connectedness between the sovereign bond yield curve components (Slope, Curvature and Level) of the Group of Seven (G7) countries. Using the framework of Nelson and Siegel we are able to track their connectedness over the long, medium and short-term horizons. The results of the static analysis show an increased connectedness in the long-term as compared to medium and short-term factors, whereas the results of dynamic analysis demonstrate three distinct phases of connectedness over time. Specifically, these phases are characterized by stable, decreasing and then increasing level of connectedness of the G7 system before, during and after the 2008 crisis, respectively. We also find France as well as Germany function as the net transmitters of shocks whereas UK and Japan function as the net receivers of the shocks for all the components of their yield curves. The findings may shed light on the dynamics and interaction of yield curve shocks between these major economies and may be essential for financial market participants such as investors, fund managers, and policy makers, which debt consists a part of their assets allocation