Formulation and evaluation of Ketoprofen cream containing natural anti-inflammatory agent curcuma longa in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs have their origin as the derivatives of plants which were observed to have strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in various disease states. Ketoprofen is a better tolerated NSAID because of its limited numbers of adverse effects and topical formulation has excellent permeation and absorption into the skin. The present investigation was to develop novel Ketoprofen cream formulation in combination of most effective and potent anti-inflammatory agent curcuma longa, which is reported to possess strong anti-inflammatory effects in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis, according to the study by university of Arizona researchers. Combination of Ketoprofen and curcuma longa is good rational, where curcuma longa produces synergistic anti-inflammatory effects with ketoprofen. Formulation containing fixed concentrations (3%) of ketoprofen with curcuma longa was prepared. To access the efficacy of formulation stability studies, spread ability, tube extrudability, viscosity, pH, skin irritation test, in vitro drug diffusion study and anti- inflammatory effects were evaluated. The results obtained were encouraging and formulation containing Ketoprofen (3%) with curcuma longa was found better than alone Ketoprofen cream formulation

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF KETOPROFEN CREAM WITH DICLOFENAC AND PIROXICAM CREAM IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DISORDERS:

Non steroidal Anti- inflammatory drugs have their origin as the derivatives of plants, which were observed to have their therapeutic effects in different disease states. They have the advantage of local action without developing central adverse effects and cognitive impairments. Side effects have been well described, although partly neglected. Topical delivery of NSAID has its therapeutic applications in management of pain and inflammation in Rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs but principally attacks the synovial joints. It can be disabling and painful condition, which can lead to substantial loss of functioning and mobility if not adequately treated. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the Ketoprofen cream with Diclofenac and Piroxicam cream in a group of volunteers suffered from Rheumatoid arthritis and to compare the efficacy of these creams in reduction of inflammation. This single blind comparative study was done to determine the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of topical application of Ketoprofen cream (1%w/w) vs diclofenac cream (1%w/w) and piroxicam cream (0.5%w/w) in Rheumatoid arthritis patients. In this study, one hundred and twenty five volunteers suffering with acute Rheumatoid arthritis and age group between 40-70 years were analyzed for assessing the intensity of pain and anti-inflammatory effects of these three creams. The study revealed that Ketoprofen cream provides a good level of pain relief removes swelling and tenderness and improves the functional impairment, without the systemic adverse events associated with oral NSAIDs.Key Words: Cream, Diclofenac, Ketoprofen, Piroxicam, Rheumatoid arthriti

Assessment of antibacterial potential of Saccharum spontaneum Linn. (family: Poaceae), against different pathogenic microbes- an in vitro study.

In this study, Saccharum spontaneum (Family: Poaceae), was evaluated for its antibacterial potential against human pathogenic bacterial strains. In-vitro antibacterial tests were performed by disc diffusion method on nutrient agar, in order to analyze the percentage zone of inhibition. Whole plant’s extract showed the significant zone of inhibition (mm), against Staphylococcus aureus (17.00), Streptococcus pneumoniae (16.50), Bacillus cereus (15.90), Bacillus pumilus (15.45), Escherichia coli (18.00), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.10), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.20) and Citrobacter freundii (14.00), with relative percentages of inhibition of 76.90, 71.60, 57.40, 56.85, 70.40, 69.90, 61.05 and 54.30 respectively. Modified agar well diffusion method was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MIC values lies within the range of 75 to 300?g /ml for the G+ve strains while 75 to 600?g /ml for G-ve.  Due to presence of tannins and flavonoids, it inhibits the growth of bacteria on most regulatory levels such as peptidoglycan, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis

PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. Methods All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. Results A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. Conclusion Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions. </jats:sec

FORMULATION DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF SKIN PERMEATION OF IBUPROFEN CREAM BY USING OLIVE OIL AS PERMEATION ENHANCER

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs have their origin as the derivatives of plants which were observed to have strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in various disease states. Ibuprofen is a better tolerated NSAID because its topical formulation has limited numbers of adverse effects. The present research was conducted with the aim to develop and evaluate a novel Ibuprofen cream formulation, which would attenuate the gastrointestinal related toxicities associated with oral administration. Olive oil was used as penetration enhancer and was added in formulation to see its enhancement effect on in-vitro dug release profile. In the present study, a fixed concentration of Ibuprofen cream (2%) was prepared alone and by using olive oil as penetration enhancer. The prepared cream formulations were evaluated for several physiochemical parameters to justify its suitability for topical use. The invitro drug release was carried out by using Franz cell diffusion apparatus across the synthetic membrane. The cream formulations were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and skin irritation study. The results obtained were encouraging; Ibuprofen (2%) cream with olive oil was successfully prepared and exhibited the most satisfying results of all the parameters including a better result of in-vitro drug release as compared to Ibuprofen cream formulation without a penetration enhancer. Key Words: Anti-inflammatory, Cream, Ibuprofen, In-vitro drug release, Olive oil, Permeation enhance

Formulation Design and In Vitro Characterization of Etoricoxib Cream for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Formulation Design and In-Vitro Characterization of Etoricoxib Cream for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, have come to play an important role in the pharmacologic management of musculoskeletal disorders. Clinical trials have established the efficacy of etoricoxib in Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Acute Gouty Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Low back pain, acute postoperative pain, and primary dysmenorrheal. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to develop a novel topical cream formulation of etoricoxib, which would attenuate the gastrointestinal relater toxicities associated with oral administration. Etoricoxib is a highly selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (cox‐2) inhibitor. In the present study, a fixed concentration of Etoricoxib cream (1%) was prepared by using a different combination of Active ingredient and Excipients. To access the efficacy of formulated cream, in vitro evaluation including stability studies, tube extrudes ability, spread ability, pH, viscosity andrheological properties as well as drug diffusion studies were done. After in vitro evaluation of cream formulations, the formulation was evaluated for the anti‐inflammatory and skin irritation study. The results obtained were encouraging and formulation containing Etoricoxib (1%) exhibited the most satisfying results of all the parameters

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of lecithin-based nanocarriers for the enhanced pharmacological and oral pharmacokinetic profile of amphotericin B

We report the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of lecithin-drug hybrid nanocarriers (NCs) with enhanced oral bioavailability and anti-parasitic potential for poorly water-soluble drugs. Amphotericin B (AmB), a poor water-soluble drug with poor membrane penetrating ability, was selected as a model drug to demonstrate the potential of the lecithin-drug hybrid NCs. Lec-AmB NCs were prepared by the self-assembly of lecithin into nanoparticles (NPs) at a critical micellar concentration of 4 mg ml(-1) and into liposomes at a critical liposomal concentration of 53 mg ml(-1) in aqueous systems. The Lec-AmB NPs (200-300 nm) were further coated with polyethylene glycol (M-W 600) and Tween 20, whereas the liposomes (70-90 nm) were used as such for this study. The Lec-AmB NCs were evaluated for their ability to boost in vivo oral pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits and in vitro anti-leishmanial activity against the promastigotes of Leishmania tropica. A reciprocal relationship was observed between the size and drug encapsulation efficiency of the NPs, but no such relationship was observed in the case of the liposomes. More importantly, the oral bioavailability and anti-leishmanial activity of Lec-AmB NPs was enhanced up to 21- and 6.3-fold, and 21- and 2-fold, respectively, in the case of the liposomes. The improvement in the bioavailability and anti-leishmanial activity is very significant compared to the deoxycholate complex of AmB (water soluble, injectable market product: Anfotericina FADA (R)), and this study, thus shows the promising potential of easy-to-prepare NCs with improved therapeutic efficiency using phosphocholine-based biocompatible surfactants