Komparasi Posisi Pasar antara Indonesia dan Malaysia pada Pasar Refined Palm Oil (RPO) Amerika Serikat

United States is one of the major importer countries of Refined Palm Oil (RPO) and its imports increase about 21.25%/year because of a high domestic consumption. The main sources of US RPO’s import are Malaysia and Indonesia with shares of 70.21 and 27.29% respectively. The purposes of this research are to 1) Estimate the factors affecting RPO’s import in the United States and 2) Analyze themarket position and competition between Indonesia and Malaysia in the RPO market in the United States. The methods used were linear regression using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model. Factors affecting RPO import in US market are the import price of RPO and RSO, GDP, and dummy Non-Tariff Measures (NTM). In US market, teh RPO from Indonesia and Malaysia are substitute each other and Indonesia’s RPO are more sensitive (elastic) to prices and expenditure compared to Malaysia’s RPO in the US market

ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA'S MARKET POSITION IN REFINED PALM OIL (RPO) MARKET IN IMPORTER COUNTRIES

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara produsen dan eksportir minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Adanya kebijakan hilirisasi sawit menyebabkan Indonesia lebih banyak mengekspor produk turunan dalam bentuk Refined Palm Oil (RPO) dibandingkan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Indonesia juga menghadapi kompetisi dengan Malaysia sebagai eksportir RPO di beberapa negara importir seperti China, India, Rusia dan Amerika Serikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kompetisi antara Indonesia dan Malaysia di beberapa pasar negara importir RPO. Model yang digunakan adalah Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan harga RPO Indonesia lebih elastis di pasar India dan Amerika Serikat, sedangkan harga RPO Malaysia lebih elastis di pasar Rusia. Meskipun RPO asal Indonesia dan Malaysia saling bersubstitusi, tetapi posisi Indonesia lebih diuntungkan dibandingkan Malaysia jika negara-negara importir tersebut meningkatkan pengeluaran untuk impor RPO karena akan meningkatkan share impor dari Indonesia.Indonesia is one of the largest producer and exporter of palm oil in the world. The downstream policy of palm oil causes Indonesia’s export more derivative products in form of Refined Palm Oil (RPO) than Crude Palm Oil (CPO) . Indonesia also faced competition with Malaysia as an RPO’s exporter in several importing countries such as China, India, Russia and the United States. This study aims to analyze the competition between Indonesia and Malaysia in several RPO’s importing countries. The model used Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Based on the results, Indonesia’s RPO prices are more elastic in the India and US markets, while Malaysia’s RPO prices are more elastic in Russian market. Although Indonesia’s and Malaysia’s RPO substitute each other, but Indonesia's position is more profitable than Malaysia if the importing countries increase spending on RPO imports because it will increase the import’s shares from Indonesia

Comparative Analysis of Social Economic and Ecological Progress of “Oil Palm Village” and “Non-Oil Palm Village” Communities

This study aimed to analyze the level of social, economic, and ecological progress of the Oil Palm Village communities and compare the level of social, economic, and ecological progress between the Oil Palm Village and Non-Oil Palm Village communities. Indonesia is one of the major palm oil-producing countries in the world. Palm oil has brought economic benefits nationally and also to local communities. However, in its development, there has been a controversy surrounding the palm oil commodity, namely in the case of Indonesian palm oil which is related to the issues of deforestation and territorialization due to the economic interests of palm oil versus the existence of forest areas. This study used a Quantitative Approach with Secondary Data Methods from primary sources (Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantage Region, and Transmigration, BPS, and Directorate General of Plantation) with the village communities as the unit of analysis. As many as 524 village communities were selected from the population of Oil Palm Villages and Non-Oil Palm Villages in eight provinces of Indonesia’s oil palm centers with a combination of Purposive Multistage Sampling and Propensity Score Matching methods. Descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, analysis of the difference in progress using the Difference in Difference (DID) model, and the binary logistic regression method were carried out in this study. The results of the study revealed the facts that there has been an increase in social, economic, and ecological progress in various Oil Palm Village communities. The level of social, economic, and ecological progress of Oil Palm Village communities is higher than that of Non-Oil Palm Village communities. These facts indicate that the community sustainability level of the Oil Palm Village communities is superior to that of the Non-Oil Palm Village communities