Micro deep drawing applied in the fabrication of micromotors

O processo de microestampagem permite a fabricação de peças ou microcomponentes, podendo ser aplicado a diversas áreas da engenharia. Logo, este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um micromotor de passo e avaliar os efeitos da miniaturização de seus componentes. A simulação computacional foi utilizada neste trabalho de forma a avaliar os defeitos surgidos com a miniaturização, através do software de elementos finitos DYNAFORM com “solver” LS-DYNA. O material empregado na carcaça foi o aço de baixo carbono ABNT 1010 e o aço inoxidável ABNT 304, e para o núcleo magnético do micromotor, composto pelo rotor e estator, utilizou-se o aço elétrico ABNT 35F 420M. A simulação computacional, além de identificar os problemas oriundos da miniaturização dos componentes, também foi utilizada para otimizar as ferramentas de microestampagem, demonstrando desta forma ser uma grande aliada para o desenvolvimento do processo. O processo de corte convencional em matriz não foi aplicado no corte do rotor e do estator, pois produziu defeitos como empenamento e rebarbas. Ao invés disso, empregou-se o processo de corte por eletroerosão a fio, que produziu peças planas e superfícies lisas.The process of micro deep drawing is a micro-technology which allows the fabrication of microcomponents and can be applied to various fields of engineering. This study aims to develop the components of a micromotor step using this technology and to evaluate the effects of the microfabrication of the motor frame, rotor and stator. A computer simulation was carried out in order to evaluate miniaturization of the components trough the finite element software DYNAFORM with “Solver” LS-DYNA. The material used in the motor housing was low carbon steel ABNT 1010 and stainless steel ABNT 304. However, in magnetic core, comprising the rotor and stator, the electric steel ABNT 35F 420M was employed. Micro deep drawing tools were developed based on the results obtained through simulation is a great ally to create microcomponents. The cutting process in the matrix was not employed to cut de rotor and the stator, because it produced defects such as warping and butts along the surface. Instead, wire cutting spark erosion was used and resulted in hat part and surfaces

Protic ionic liquids used as metal-forming green lubricants for aluminum : effect of anion chain length

Among the applications for protic ionic liquids (PILs), lubrication is one of the newest and the most promising. In this work, ammonium-based protic ionic liquids were tested as lubricant fluids for aluminum-steel contacts. PILs were synthesized with 2-hydroxyethylamine (2HEA) and a carboxylic acid (formic and pentanoic), aiming to understand the effect of two different anion chain lengths on the lubricant behavior. The synthesized PILs were characterized by RMN, FTIR and TGA. Wear tests, conducted using a ball-on-plate configuration, showed that the increase of the anion carbon chain length in the PIL structure reduced significantly the coefficient of friction value. Besides, after the wear tests, the PILs structural integrity was not affected. In the same way, bending under tension (BUT) tests evidenced that the performance for stamping conditions of the PIL with the longest anion carbon chain was similar to that of the commercial lubricant. Since, both formed a uniform tribofilm, developed the same lubrication regime and the drawing forces values were close and constant. Hence, the ionic liquid obtained with 2HEA and pentanoic acid (2HEAPe) is as suitable as the commercial lubricant for metal forming processes

Development of cores for mini motors from laminated sheets of electric steel ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards) 35F 420M with thermal treatment

The purposes of this paper were to study the thermal treatment of Fe-Si sheet, as well as the sheet cutting concerning the topology of a mini stepper motor and mini motor simulation using finite element software. The research consisted of the execution of an "Inductive Reheating" thermal treatment of Iron Silicon sheets, NM71-2000/35F 420M with GNO (Grain Non Oriented), and 0.35mm width. The new technique has the benefit of minimizing magnetic losses produced by the cut on the edge of electric sheets. To carry out the process, the system includes a furnace, an induction coil, and a power supply that, when activated in a controlled way, causes relevant changes to the crystalline structure of the material. Related to the cut of the sheets, the topology of a three phase mini stepper motor was considered. The sheets were initially cut using the geometry of the rotor and stator cores. Firstly, a die cutting process was used and later a wire electroerosion cutting process was employed, which provided parts with excellent finishing. Finally, the mini motor was simulated using the finite element software FEMM 4.2 in order to analyze the airgap flow and torque development of the axis end, in comparison to a solid block of the same material (Fe-Si)

DEVELOPMENT OF CORES FOR MINI MOTORS FROM LAMINATED SHEETS OF ELECTRIC STEEL ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards) 35F 420M WITH THERMAL TREATMENT

The purposes of this paper were to study the thermal treatment of Fe-Si sheet, as well as the sheet cutting concerning the topology of a mini stepper motor and mini motor simulation using finite element software. The research consisted of the execution of an "Inductive Reheating" thermal treatment of Iron Silicon sheets, NM71-2000/35F 420M with GNO (Grain Non Oriented), and 0.35mm width. The new technique has the benefit of minimizing magnetic losses produced by the cut on the edge of electric sheets. To carry out the process, the system includes a furnace, an induction coil, and a power supply that, when activated in a controlled way, causes relevant changes to the crystalline structure of the material. Related to the cut of the sheets, the topology of a three phase mini stepper motor was considered. The sheets were initially cut using the geometry of the rotor and stator cores. Firstly, a die cutting process was used and later a wire electroerosion cutting process was employed, which provided parts with excellent finishing. Finally, the mini motor was simulated using the finite element software FEMM 4.2 in order to analyze the airgap flow and torque development of the axis end, in comparison to a solid block of the same material (Fe-Si

Development of cores for mini motors from laminated sheets of electric steel ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards) 35F 420M with thermal treatment

The purposes of this paper were to study the thermal treatment of Fe-Si sheet, as well as the sheet cutting concerning the topology of a mini stepper motor and mini motor simulation using finite element software. The research consisted of the execution of an "Inductive Reheating" thermal treatment of Iron Silicon sheets, NM71-2000/35F 420M with GNO (Grain Non Oriented), and 0.35mm width. The new technique has the benefit of minimizing magnetic losses produced by the cut on the edge of electric sheets. To carry out the process, the system includes a furnace, an induction coil, and a power supply that, when activated in a controlled way, causes relevant changes to the crystalline structure of the material. Related to the cut of the sheets, the topology of a three phase mini stepper motor was considered. The sheets were initially cut using the geometry of the rotor and stator cores. Firstly, a die cutting process was used and later a wire electroerosion cutting process was employed, which provided parts with excellent finishing. Finally, the mini motor was simulated using the finite element software FEMM 4.2 in order to analyze the airgap flow and torque development of the axis end, in comparison to a solid block of the same material (Fe-Si)