Korelacije svojstava crnog luka pri organskom i mineralnom režimu ishrane

The aim of this two-year field study was to investigate the effects of different nutrient regimes on the interrelationships of onion (Allium cepa L.) yield and yield contributing characteristics (bulb weight, number of bulbs plot-1, plant height and number of days from sowing to emergence). The experiment involved five onion cultivars grown in conventional (mineral fertilization) and organic (unfertilized, bacterial fertilizer, farmyard manure) production systems. The trait associations were studied using two-dimensional biplot. The applied treatments affected all the traits investigated and those effects were stable across the growing seasons. Consistently positive correlations that have been found among yield, bulb weight, number of bulbs plot-1 and plant height imply the conclusion that taller plants perform better in all nutrient regimes. Early emergence correlated positively with yield only in favorable (mineral and bacterial fertilizer) environments. The close position of the two favorable entities on the biplot imply the possibility of achieving high and stable onion yields by applying an appropriate organic amendment.Dvogodišnji poljski ogled je postavljen sa ciljem ispitivanja uticaja različitih režima ishrane na odnose između prinosa crnog luka (Allium cepa L.) i svojstava koja se dovode u vezu sa prinosom (masa lukovice, broj lukovica parceli-1, visina biljke, broj dana od setve do nicanja). U ogled je bilo uključeno pet sorti crnog luka, gajenih u konvencionalnom (mineralno đubrivo) i organskom (bez đubrenja, mikrobiološko đubrivo, stajnjak) sistemu proizvodnje. Veze između svojstava su tumačene na osnovu dvodimenzionalnog biplota. Primenjeni tretmani su ispoljili značajan uticaj na sva proučavana svojstva i efekti ovih tretmana su bili stabilni u obe sezone. Pozitivne korelacije koje su utvrđene između prinosa, mase lukovice, broja lukovica parceli-1 i visine biljke upućuju na zaključak da biljke sa većom visinom daju bolje prinose pri svim režimima ishrane. Ranije nicanje je bilo u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa prinosom jedino pri povoljnijim (mineralno i mikrobiološko đubrivo) režimima ishrane. Bliska pozicija ova dva režima ishrane na biplotu upućuje na zaključak da se stabilan i visok prinos crnog luka može postići primenom odgovarajućih organskih đubriva

Shoot and root dry weight in drought exposed tomato populations

This research was conducted with the aim to among forty-one tested tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) populations distinguish those tolerant to limited water supply. Tolerance assessments were performed by using sixteen drought stress selection indices calculated on the basis of tomato shoot and root dry weight yields determined at water stress and non-stress conditions. Populations were differentiated in groups using the method of cluster analysis. The pot experiment was set in controlled greenhouse conditions and comprised optimally irrigated control and drought treatment (35.0 and 20.9% volumetric soil water content, respectively), imposed at the phase of intensive vegetative growth. The experiment was conducted at the Institute for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. The analyzed tomatoes exhibited significant differences in terms of response to limited irrigation, which had more pronounced effect on shoot dry weight than on the roots (average decrease of 64.4 and 35.7%, respectively). Consequently, root fraction in the total dry weight increased at drought for 68.2% on average. Shoot and root dry weights were positively correlated at optimal irrigation but not in drought, implying genotypic differences in terms of root adjustments to stress conditions. As for the calculated selection indices, substantial variation was found among the populations enabling their ranking in terms of drought tolerance. Since ranking was not the same in all cases, clustering the populations was performed taking into account all sixteen selection indices. The results of this analysis indicate that populations designated with numbers 126, 124, 131, 125, 128, 105, 101, 138, 110, 132 and 109 in Institute for Vegetable Crops germplasm collection exhibit satisfactory level of drought tolerance at vegetative phase and therefore may be used as parents in breeding programs

Procena tolerantnosti paradajza na sušu na osnovu selekcionih indeksa

This study was aimed to assess drought tolerance in twelve tomato populations collected in the territory of Serbia and to investigate relationships and repeatability among sixteen drought tolerance indices. Drought tolerance was estimated at the stage of intensive vegetative growth, on the basis of dry weight yield determined at optimal and limited irrigation (volumetric soil water content of 35.0 and 20.9%, respectively). The trial was set in pots placed in the greenhouse. Significant differences were found among populations in terms of all considered parameters; populations G125, G105 and G104 performed well in both irrigation regimes. High repeatability was found between the selection indices TOL and SSPI, STI and GMP, DWdr and YI, and among SI, SSI, RDI, SDI and RD. Principal component analysis allows simultaneous evaluation of populations and interpretation of interrelationships among the indices; it may be recommended as a method of choice for data analysis in further studies on drought tolerance in tomato.Ogled je postavljen sa ciljem procene tolerantnosti na sušu dvanaest populacija paradajza prikupljenih na teritoriji Srbije, kao i sa ciljem ispitivanja šesnaest selekcionih indeksa koji se koriste za tu procenu. Tolerantnost na sušu je utvrđena u fazi intenzivnog vegetativnog rasta, na osnovu prinosa suve materije izmerenog u uslovima optimalne i ograničene obezbeđenosti vodom (zapreminski procenat sadržaja vlage u zemljištu 35,0% odnosno 20,9%). Ogled je postavljen u saksijama smeštenim u staklenik. Konstatovane su značajne razlike među populacijama u pogledu svih izučavanih parametara; za populacije G125, G105 i G104 je utvrđen visok prinos suve materije u oba režima zalivanja. Visok stepen ponovljivosti je zabeležen za TOL i SSPI, STI i GMP, DWdr i YI, kao i između SI, SSI, RDI, SDI i RD. Metod glavnih komponenata je omogućio istovremeno vrednovanje populacija i interpretaciju veza između indeksa. Zato može da se preporuči za analizu podataka u budućim istraživanjima koja se tiču tolerantnosti paradajza na sušu

Production and chemical characteristics of the populations of spring garlic (Allium Sativum L.) from the serbian genetic collection

A great number of spring garlic populations are present in Serbia. It is a very heterogeneous biological material. To date, it has been little studied. Therefore, the aim was to study its production and chemical characteristics. Eighteen populations of spring garlic were examined. Most of the production of this garlic in Serbia is based on them. They were examined in Zminjak, which is located in the central Macva (Serbia). The method of field experiments was used. The research lasted for three years. The results comprise two groups of parameters. The first group contains the results which show the most important productive characteristics (weight of bulb, number of cloves per bulb, bulb yield). The second group consists of the parameters for chemical characteristics of the investigated populations (dry matter, etheric oil, and alliin). In this case, the populations demonstrated a significant influence, and their stability was also very conspicuous. Most of the investigated populations of spring garlic can serve as a good resultant material for obtaining new cultivars. The populations can be classified as follows: SG-18, SG-25, SG-28, SG-16, SG-29 (yield), SG-21, SG-26 (technological quality) and SG-29, SG-18, SG-16 (foodstuff and pharmaceutical quality). They can remain as populations, but it would be significantly better to create new cultivars by using them

Svojstva cherry paradajza vezana za toleranciju na sušu u vegetativnom periodu životnog ciklusa

Seven cherry tomato local populations have been examined in terms of vegetative growth parameters (plant dry weight, root proportion in plant weight, plant height, number of leaves below the first flower branches, number of lateral branches, length of lateral branches of the first and second order) and measured under irrigation and drought conditions. Pot trial placed in greenhouse included control and drought treatment (volumetric soil water content of 35.0 and 20.9 %, respectively). Significant variability was found for all the analyzed parameters. In breeding of drought tolerant cultivars, attention should be paid on plant dry weight, root proportion in plant weight and plant height. In drought conditions, plants of lower stature had higher root proportion in plant weight and more lateral branches. Local populations designated as G137 and G132 in Smederevska Palanka tomato germplasm collection may be valuable initial material for breeding cherry tomato for drought tolerance. .Ispitana je varijabilnost sedam lokalnih populacija cherry paradajza u pogledu parametara vegetativnog rasta (suva masa biljke, udeo korena u masi biljke, visina biljke, broj listova do prve cvetne grane, broj bočnih grana, dužina bočnih grana prvog i drugog reda) ocenjenih u uslovima optimalne i nedovoljne obezbeđenosti vodom. Ogled je postavljen u saksijama (staklenik) i uključivao je kontrolu i sušni tretman (zapreminski procenat sadržaja vlage u zemljištu 35,0 % odnosno 20,9 %). Konstatovana je značajna varijabilnost svih analiziranih parametara. Kod oplemenjivanja sorti tolerantnih na sušu najveću pažnju bi trebalo obratiti na masu biljke, udeo korena u masi biljke i visinu biljke. U uslovima suše kod nižih biljaka je zabeležen veći udeo korena u masi biljke i veći broj bočnih grana. Kao polazna osnova za dalji rad bi mogle poslužiti lokalne populacije koje su u kolekciji Instituta za povrtarstvo u Smederevskoj Palanci označene šiframa G 137 i G 132.

Ammi model in the analysis of genotype by environment interaction of conventionally and organically grown onion

This study was aimed to assess the stability of direct yield components (bulb weight and number plot-1) and other yield contributing characteristics (bulb diameter, height and index, neck diameter and length, plant height, emergence and vegetation period) in five commercial onion cultivars grown in conventional and organic environments, by employing additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) statistical model in data analysis. The two-year field trial organized in complete randomized blocks included the plots maintained in four regimes: mineral fertilization (conventional), without fertilization, fertilization with farmyard manure and with bacterial fertilizer (organic). Each treatment by year combination was considered as an environment. Analysis of variance of AMMI model calculated for the investigated traits showed that all sources of variation (genotypes, environments, genotype by environment interaction) were highly significant. The largest proportions of the total sum of squares were encompassed by environments, except for emergence and bulb index with the pronounced effect of genotypes (67.26 and 52.54%, respectively) and neck length with the genotype by environment interaction amounting 44.59%. Generally, the effects of the interactions were in the common range. The AMMI model with two axes was concluded as the best model for the investigated traits. Onions grown in conventional system outperformed the organic ones. However, good performance of the genotypes was accompanied with low stability across the environments and vice versa. Therefore breeding programs intended to develop cultivars adapted to alternative production systems should rely on the experiments set in the corresponding environments that include various combinations of genotypes and agro-technical procedures based on the principles of organic agriculture

Supstrati za organsku proizvodnju rasada paradajza

One of the main tasks for every certified organic vegetable producer is to grow healthy and well-developed transplants. The aim of this study was to examine different substrates designed for the production of organic tomato transplants. On the basis of preliminary experiments, seven substrates consisting of different parts of natural peat, vermicompost, shrub and tree leaves compost and zeolites were compared with standard commercial substrates using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) transplants grown in pots. The data concerning plant height, number of leaves, fresh plant mass, appearance of flower buds were collected. The differences in the examined traits were not significant for the majority of substrates. The zeolite-based substrate with high peat and vermicompost content achieved the best results and its production for the market should be considered. Three zeolite-based substrates with high rates of vermicompost and compost should be used as a model for tomato transplants substrate preparation.Jedan od glavnih zadataka svakog sertifikovanog proizvođača organskog povrća je da odgaji dobro razvijen rasad. Ispitivanje različitih supstrata dizajniranih za organsku proizvodnju rasada paradajza bio je glavni cilj ovog istraživanja. Na osnovu rezultata prethodnih istraživanja, pripremljeno je sedam smeša supstrata sastavljenih od različitih udela prirodnog treseta, glistenjaka, kompostiranog lišća drveća i žbunja i prirodnih zeolita i upoređeno sa standardnim komercijalnim supstratima. Prikupljeni su podaci koji su se odnosili na visinu biljke, broj listova po biljci, masu sveže biljke i pojavu cvetnih pupoljaka. Za većinu ispitivanih mešavina zabeležene razlike nisu bile statistički značajne u poređenju sa komercijalnim supstratima. Kod mešavine supstrata na bazi zeolita sa visokim sadržajem treseta i glistenjaka zabeleženi su najbolji rezultati. Ova smeša bi mogla da bude ponuđena kao gotov proizvod na tržištu. Tri smeše na bazi zeolita sa visokim sadržajem glistenjaka i komposta trebalo bi da posluže kao model za pripremu supstrata namenjenih sertifikovanoj organskoj proizvodnji

Prinosi korena organske cvekle i rotkve gajenih u čistom i združenom usevu

Despite numerous positive effects on the environment, increased demands, intense research, and adequate public attention, crops grown according to the principles of organic production still occupy considerably small areas. It is difficult for certified producers to decide to expand the production of certified organic vegetables. One of the reasons is the insufficiently developed growing technology of different vegetable species in accordance with the law and regulations on organic production. Intercropping, growing of subsequent crops, and application of microbiological fertilizers are considered as the most useful techniques for yield increases in sustainable growing practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities for enhancing root yield of beetroot and radish, when grown as second crops in an organic double-cropping production system. The effects of intercropping and applying microbial fertilizers on the vegetable root weights were assessed. Intercropping was with green beans, implemented by replacement series method. Two microbial fertilizers were applied, one containing selected strains of Bacillus megatherium, B. licheniformis, B. suptilis, Azotobacter chrocoocum, A. vinelandi and Derxia sp. (M1), and other with Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter sp., Penicillium oxalicum and Fusarium sp. (M2). Intercropping and microbial fertilizers contributed to the root weight increase. The highest root weights were noted for the intercropped plants treated with M1 (beetroot, 151.8 g) and M2 (radish, 351.0 g), which was 23.5% and 15.5% higher than in the sole crop unfertilized control. The results imply combining intercropping and the appropriate microbial fertilizers as an effective strategy for increasing yields of organically grown beetroot and radish.Uprkos brojnim pozitivnim efektima na životnu sredinu, povećanoj tražnji, intenzivnim istraživanjima i adekvatnoj pažnji javnosti, usevi uzgajani po principima organske proizvodnje i dalje zauzimaju prilično male površine. Certifikovani proizvođači teško se odlučuju na proširenje proizvodnje certifikovanog organskog povrća. Jedan od razloga je nedovoljno razvijena tehnologija gajenja različitih vrsta povrća u skladu sa Zakonom i propisima o organskoj proizvodnji. Združivanje, gajenje postrnih useva i primena mikrobioloških đubriva smatraju se najkorisnijim tehnikama za povećanje prinosa u održivim sistemima zemljoradnje. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi mogućnost povećanja prinosa korena cvekle i rotkve gajenih postrno u združenom usevu po metodama organske proizvodnje. Praćeni su efekti združivanja i primene mikrobioloških đubriva na masu korena. Združivanje cvekle i rotkve sa boranijom obavljeno je po metodi zamenjujućih serija. U ogledu su korišćena dva mikrobiološka đubriva od kojih jedno sadrži odabrane sojeve Bacillus megaterium, B. licheniformis, B. suptilis, Azotobacter chrocoocum, A. vinelandi i Derxia sp. (M1), a drugo: Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter sp., Penicillium oxalicum i Fusarium sp. (M2). Združivanje i mikrobiološka đubriva doprineli su povećanju mase korena. Najveća masa korena zabeležena je u združenom usevu cvekle kod tretmana mikrobiološkim đubrivom M1 (151,8g) i u združenom usevu rotkve kod tretmana mikrobiološkim đubrivom M2 (351,0g), što je bilo za 23,5% i 15,5% više u poređenju sa čistim usevima na tretmanima bez đubrenja. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su uporedo primenjeno združivanje i odgovarajuća mikrobiološka đubriva delotvorna strategija za postizanje većih prinosa cvekle i rotkve u organskom sistemu gajenja

Black Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) Ontogenesis and Agronomic Performance in Organic Cropping System and Pannonian Environments

This study examined the influence of agroecological conditions on the ontogenesis and production yield traits of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). Understanding the agronomic and phenological properties related to productive properties of black oats can enable more successful introduction into new areas of oat cultivation. Field microexperiments were performed during the three consecutive years (2017-2019) on the two localities in South Banat, in Serbia, which differed in soil type: carbonate chernozem and humogley, respectively. The results showed that all investigated traits of oat in the chernozem soil type were higher when compared with measured traits obtained from the humogley soil type. The average value of yields of aboveground biomass, yield and protein content were significantly higher in relation to the humogley, by 13%, 17% and 11%, respectively for all three seasons. Observed by years, all productivity parameters differed significantly, which confirmed that the productivity of the cultivated plants was strongly influenced by different agroecological, soil and climatic conditions in Pannonian environments. The aboveground biomass and grain yield obtained from the humogley soil type indicate that this species can be successfully grown and utilized in production as a cover or fodder crop even in less favorable soil conditions

Svojstva koja utiču na prinos crnog luka u uslovima organske i konvencionalne proizvodnje

Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem utvrđivanja uticaja nekoliko svojstava crnog luka na prinos u uslovima organskog i konvencionalnog gajenja. Dvogodišnji poljski ogled (2009, 2010) je postavljen na eksperimentalnoj parceli Instituta za povrtarstvo u Smederevskoj Palanci i uključivao je pet sorti crnog luka. Ogled je podrazumevao neđubrene parcele, parcele đubrene NPK (kontrole), mikrobiološkim đubrivom i staj nja kom (tretmani). Utvrđene su značajne razlike među sortama, godinama i tretmanima u pogledu ispitivanih svojstava. Masa lukovice, broj lukovica po parceli i prečnik lažnog stabla su ispoljili pozitivne, a broj dana od setve do nicanja i dužina vegetacije negativne efekte na prinos u svim uslovima gajenja crnog luka. Prema tome; ova svojstva mogu biti od koristi u selekciji crnog luka, bez obzira da li je reč o konvencionalnom ili organ skom sistemu gajenja. Prečnik lukovice, visina lukovice, indeks lukovice, dužina lažnog stabla i visina biljke su ispoljili različite efekte na prinos, zavisno od uslova gajenja.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of several traits on yield in onion grown in organic and conventional environments. Two-year field trial (2009, 2010) was set at the experimental field of the Institute for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka and included five onion cultivars. The trial included unfertilized plots, plots treated with NPK (controls), bacterial fertilizer and farm yard manure (treatments). Significant differences have been found among the cultivars, growing seasons and treatments, with respect to the investigated traits. Bulb weight, num er of bulbs per plot and neck diameter exhibited positive, while number of days from sowing to emergence and vegetation period exhibited negative effects on yield in both conventional and organic environments. Therefore; these traits may be useful in onion breeding, regardless of the growing system. The effects of bulb diameter, bulb height, bulb index, neck length and plant height on yield differed, de pending on the growing system