The Reproductive Health of Immigrants Women: The Plus of Inequality

[Resumen] La vulnerabilidad de la población inmigrante está ampliamente documentada y se puede comprender teniendo como marco de análisis los determinantes sociales y su implicación en las desigualdades en salud. En el marco del modelo conceptual de los determinantes sociales de la salud propuesto por la Comisión para Reducir las Desigualdades en Salud en España, el género se postula como uno de los ejes de desigualdad que atraviesan la estructura social y que, en interacción con otros ejes como la clase social, la edad, la etnia o la raza y el territorio, determina jerarquías de poder y conlleva desigualdades en las oportunidades de tener una buena salud. A pesar del reconocimiento internacional sobre la importancia de la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva (SSR), el ejercicio de los derechos humanos en este campo está fuertemente limitado y existen graves barreras que impiden a las personas – y de forma particular a las mujeres- desarrollar plenamente su sexualidad, así como acceder a servicios y suministros de salud sexual y reproductiva necesarios. Esta situación se agrava en el caso de las mujeres inmigrantes. Es importante señalar que hay interés y preocupación respecto a la salud obstétrica de la población inmigrante, ya que numerosas investigaciones ponen de manifiesto la existencia de un grave problema de equidad en la salud perinatal de estas mujeres. Su salud reproductiva es mucho peor que la de las mujeres autóctonas. Entre los factores que contribuyen a la situación de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres inmigrantes destacamos las propias características del contexto migratorio, el abordaje biomédico de la atención a la salud y la escasa competencia cultural del sistema sanitario.[Abstract] The vulnerability of the immigrant population is widely documented and can be understood by analyzing the social determinants and their implication in health inequalities. In the framework of the conceptual model of health’s social determinants, proposed by the Commission to Reduce Health Inequalities in Spain, gender is postulated as one of the axes of inequality that crosses the social structure and, when it interacts with other axes, such as social class, age, ethnicity or race and territory, determines hierarchies of power and entails inequalities in the chances of good health. Despite international recognition of the importance of sexual and reproductive health (SRH), in compliance with the human rights in this field is severely limited and there are serious barriers that prevent people - and women in particular - from developing fully their sexuality, as well as having access to necessary sexual and reproductive health services and supplies. This situation is aggravated in the case of immigrant women. It is important to point out that there is interest and concern regarding the obstetric health of the immigrant population, since many investigations have revealed the existence of a serious problem of equity in these women's perinatal health. Their reproductive health is much worse than indigenous women's. The incorporation of the intersectional perspective, which arises from the Feminist Theory, in the analysis of this situation facilitates the understanding of the underlying elements in the inequalities in reproductive health of immigrant women. Among the factors that contribute to the vulnerability of immigrant women, we highlight the characteristics of the migratory context (of differential character between men and women), the biomedical approach to health care and the scarce cultural competence of the health system

Nursing care in the Covid-19 pandemic in the spanish health system

La pandemia Covid-19 ha puesto de manifiesto una gran debilidad estructural del Sistema Nacional de Salud de España: la debilidad de la atención. Entre las profesiones de la salud, la disciplina que tiene el cuidado como esencia es la Enfermería. Una de las definiciones más consensuadas de cuidado es la de Colliere: “cuidar es un acto que representa una infinita variedad de actividades que tienden a sostener la vida, permitiéndole continuar y reproducirse. . . El ser humano siempre ha tenido esta necesidad como acto individual de persona autónoma y de reciprocidad, ya que la persona requiere ayuda para asumir sus necesidades vitales

Editorial: Multidisciplinary approach in health: new strategies from the perspective of education, management, culture and gender

Editorial on the Research Topic Multidisciplinary approach in health: new strategies from the perspective of education, management, culture and gende

Men’s Positive and Negative Experiences Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

(1) Objective: To describe men’s experiences as acute myocardial infarction sufferers from a social phenomenological perspective, a year after the event (2) Methods: The phenomenological interview was used to capture the participants’ discourse. The data were analyzed according to the theoretical methodological approach of social phenomenology. (3) Results: The discourse analysis of the content produced the following categories, set out according reasons “why”: personal biography, knowledge set, warning signs prior to the illness, experience at the intensive care unit, and rehabilitation process; and reasons “for”: expectations as regards the illness, health professionals, and future social life and work prospects. (4) Conclusions: Participants had not established a healthy condition one year after myocardial infarction, perceiving a very thin line between life and death. Personal biography influences the coping of the disease. They feel like the illness helped them to create new meanings and value of life. They envisage a future full of great restrictions and uncertainty. The results of this study have underlined the need to involve care at all stages of the illness: the physical and emotional dependence upon admittance at the intensive care unit, the need to be cured, the constant demand for information about the illness, the difficulties encountered upon returning home, uncertainty about the future, etc. All these moments indicate that proper nursing care adapted to the specific needs of each individual and their family members must be provided in order to help them to overcome all the stages involved in this process. It is necessary to individualize care because the sense of reality is common and universal, but the ways of expressing are subjective, and it depended on the totality of experiences accumulated throughout life

Attitudes towards Immigration among Students in the First Year of a Nursing Degree at Universities in Coimbra, Toledo and Melilla

Increased migration has led to increased prejudice towards immigrant populations. This study aims to analyse attitudes towards immigration among student nurses in three universities, two in Spain and one in Portugal. Methodology: A descriptive, transversal, prospective study was carried out among student nurses (n = 624), using the Attitude towards Immigration in Nursing scale. Results: Nursing students showed some positive attitudes towards immigration, such as that immigrants should have the right to maintain their customs or that immigrants should have free access to healthcare and education, in contrast to some negative attitudes, such as that crime rates have increased due to immigration or that immigrants receive more social welfare assistance than natives. Significant di erences in attitudes were revealed between students from the three universities. Discussion: Training in transcultural nursing is necessary for all nursing students in order to reduce negative attitudes towards the immigrant population and increase the awareness and sensitivity of future healthcare sta in caring for patients of all backgrounds

Una herramienta para la promoción de la salud en la tercera edad: tecnología de la comunicación e información

In summary, the use of new technologies results from primary education, even at the university level. Therefore, more and more young people use them as leisure and work tool. On the other hand, the elderly population mostly use them to keep family relationships and with their peers. Some of the reasons explored for the use of mobile telephony has associated with the entertainment and stress relief, and even new abilities, as they promote creativity and self-expression, thus becoming a daily practice for the purposes of social interaction and relaxation. Furthermore, the elderly consumers of both internet and mobile telephony have faced a lower incidence of problems at mental level, and increased participation rates and social integration with their peers.A modo de síntesis, se puede afirmar que el uso de las nuevas tecnologías se da desde la educación primaria, incluso a nivel universitario. Por tanto, la población más joven utilizan éstas como un divertimento y como una herramienta de trabajo. Por el contrario, la población de la tercera edad lo suelen utilizar en la mayoría de las ocasiones para mantener relaciones familiares y también con sus iguales. Algunos de los motivos explorados para el uso de la telefonía móvil ha tenido que ver con el entretenimiento y alivio del estrés, e incluso abrir nuevas capacidades de actuación, ya que promueven la creatividad y la expresión ,de manera que se ha convertido en una práctica cotidiana a efectos de interacción social y relajación. Así, las personas mayores consumidoras tanto de internet como de telefonía móvil, se ha valorado una menor incidencia de problemas a nivel mental, e índices mayores de participación e integración social con sus iguales

Woman, Mother, Wet Nurse: Engine of Child Health Promotion in the Spanish Monarchy (1850–1910)

In Spain, the wet nurse increased the survival of children through care and breastfeeding of other women’s children. They had a great development together with the Spanish monarchy between 1850 and 1910. The aim is to identify the role of wet nurses in the Spanish monarchy and the survival of the royal infants (s. XIX–XX). A scoping review is presented to study documents about the wet nurse in the Spanish monarchy. Applying the dialectical structural model of care (DSMC). Recognizing five thematic blocks that shape the historical-cultural model. Books, decrees and databases were analyzed: Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet, Cuiden, Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, Science Direct and Google Scholar, from January to July 2020. The selection process was rigorous because it was difficult to choose. They had to overcome medical and moral exams. The selected rural northern wet nurses emigrated to Madrid. The contract was regulated by laws and paid. Wet nurses were hired by the monarchy due to health problems of the biological mother and a need for greater offspring. The wet nurse wore a typical costume, a symbol of wealth. The northern wet nurses hired by the monarchists have been the engine that has promoted the health of infants through the breastfeeding process.This research was funded by co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Resolution of 19/02/2020 (DOCM 26/02/2020), of the University of Castilla-La Mancha and The APC was funded by “Grupo Investigación ENDOCU”, 2020-GRIN-29236 (Nursing, Pain and Care, of the Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo Campus, Spain

Facilitating Factors of Professional Health Practice Regarding Female Genital Mutilation: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: According to figures released by UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), more than 200 million girls and women have suffered female genital mutilation (FGM) in 30 African and Middle East countries. An increasing number of African women who come from ethnic groups where FGM is practised are arriving in Western countries. Healthcare professionals play a fundamental role in its prevention. Goals: To learn about the factors that healthcare professionals consider as facilitators for prevention and action when faced with female genital mutilation. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study developed on the basis of the qualitative methodological perspective, where 43 healthcare professionals participated. A series of analysis dimensions were established, based on which, the interview and discussion group scripts were designed. Results: Addressing FGM requires a series of structural adaptations of the healthcare system that facilitate the recording and monitoring of cases, both for treatment and for prevention. In addition, it is necessary to establish coordination between the healthcare, social services and education sectors. Conclusions: The existence of a protocol of action and training in its use is one of the key tools to take into account.This research was funded by the General Directorate of Health Care of the Health Service of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, under grant no. CONTB/2019/6100001681 with the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Developing a Family-Centered Care Model in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): A New Vision to Manage Healthcare

Family-centered care (FCC) currently takes a greater role in health care, due to the increasing empowerment parents experience. Within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), family participation has an impact on the humanized care of the preterm newborn (PN). This integrative review conducted according to Whittemore and Knafl investigated current knowledge of the FCC model and its application in PN care in specific units. The data were collected from PubMed, Cochrane, CINHAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 45 articles were used, of which 13 were selected which met inclusion criteria. Their methodological quality was evaluated using the mixed method appraisal tool (MMAT), and after they were analyzed and grouped into four thematic blocks: (1) parental participation; (2) health parental training; (3) benefits of family empowerment; and (4) humanized care. The results revealed that FCCs promote the integration of health equipment and family. In addition, parents become the primary caregivers. The benefits of the family–PN binomial enable an earlier hospital discharge. Humanized care involves an ethical approach, improving health care. Changes are still needed by health managers to adapt health services to the needs of the family and PNs

Men’s Positive and Negative Experiences Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To describe men’s experiences as acute myocardial infarction sufferers from a social phenomenological perspective, a year after the event (2) Methods: The phenomenological interview was used to capture the participants’ discourse. The data were analyzed according to the theoretical methodological approach of social phenomenology. (3) Results: The discourse analysis of the content produced the following categories, set out according reasons “why”: personal biography, knowledge set, warning signs prior to the illness, experience at the intensive care unit, and rehabilitation process; and reasons “for”: expectations as regards the illness, health professionals, and future social life and work prospects. (4) Conclusions: Participants had not established a healthy condition one year after myocardial infarction, perceiving a very thin line between life and death. Personal biography influences the coping of the disease. They feel like the illness helped them to create new meanings and value of life. They envisage a future full of great restrictions and uncertainty. The results of this study have underlined the need to involve care at all stages of the illness: the physical and emotional dependence upon admittance at the intensive care unit, the need to be cured, the constant demand for information about the illness, the difficulties encountered upon returning home, uncertainty about the future, etc. All these moments indicate that proper nursing care adapted to the specific needs of each individual and their family members must be provided in order to help them to overcome all the stages involved in this process. It is necessary to individualize care because the sense of reality is common and universal, but the ways of expressing are subjective, and it depended on the totality of experiences accumulated throughout life