構造研究に基づく南海トラフ（西部）地震発生帯のプレート形状および速度構造の3次元モデル

Great interplate earthquakes have repeatedly occurred in pairs along the Nankai Trough. In order to reduce a great deal of damage to coastal area from both strong ground motion and tsunami generation, it is necessary to understand rupture synchronization and segmentation of the Nankai megathrust earthquake. For a precise estimate of the rupture zone of the Nankai megathrust event based on the knowledge of realistic earthquake cycles and variations of magnitude, it is important to know the geometry and property of the plate boundary of the subduction seismogenic zone. To improve a physical model of the Nankai Trough seismogenic zone, the large-scale high-resolution wide-angle and reflection (MCS) seismic studies, and long-term observation have been conducted since 2008. Marine active source seismic data have been acquired along grid two-dimensional profiles having the total length of ~800km per year. A three-dimensional seismic tomography using active and passive seismic data observed both land and ocean bottom stations have been also performed. This study is part of 'Research concerning Interaction Between the Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes' funded by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. The seismic survey was conducted off the Tokai area including the onshore survey across the eastern Kii Peninsula in 2012, the final year of this project. Compiling those studies provides a three-dimensional plate geometry and velocity structure models of the western Nankai Trough at the moment. Although their reliability and resolution should be evaluated, these models can be applied to a numerical simulation to examine if the observed rupture zone of the historical event can be reproduced. We will also try to construct more fine-scale model for the entire Nankai Trough area.SSS31-P15ポスター要旨 / 日本地球惑星科学連合2013年大会（2013年5月19日～5月24日, 幕張メッセ国際会議場） / 日本惑星科学連合の許諾に基づき本文ファイルを掲載http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/kairei/kr10-11/ehttp://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/kairei/kr11-09/

住民の精神障害者に対する意識調査

精神障害者が地域で生活するためには地域住民の理解と協力が不可欠である．精神障害者が参加する行事への住民の参加度と精神障害者に対する意識に加え，彼らとのつきあい方との関係を明らかにし，さらに，それによって精神障害および精神障害者に対する理解を促進するための住民への啓発方法を検討することが本報告の目的である．A県のB保健所の管轄区域の住民６００人を対象とした郵送法による質問紙調査を行った．回収率は４８．８％（２９３人）であった．地域住民のなかで精神障害者が参加する行事に参加した経験のある人は，１）精神障害への認識度が高かった，２）精神障害者の社会復帰のために「何か役に立ちたい」と思っている人が多かった，一方で３）精神障害者の社会復帰への支援に，協力できないと回答した人は全回答者の１割しかいなかった．精神障害者が地域で生活するために必要なものは「地域住民の精神障害についての関心と理解そして精神障害者に対する支援である」と，住民自らが感じていた．住民を巻き込んだ体験的啓発活動の実践が，精神障害者に対する理解や支援を拡大させることになるということが示唆された．Background : It is essential for mentally disabled persons who live in the community to be understood and cooperated by local residents. Aim : This study investigated the relationship between the participation of the residents to the event held in the psychiatric hospital and their attitudes towards mentally handicapped persons. The research objective is to find the method to the residents for promoting an understanding of mental disorders. Method : A mail survey was conducted in the area covered by the B health center in A prefecture. The candidate６００ residents（２．２％ of all residents）who live in B county were selected（age range : ２０-６０ y.o.）. Participants comprised ２９３ respondents（recovery ratio : ４８．８％）. Comparison was carried out by the respondents who joined or did not join the event held in the psychiatric hospital. Results : Their understanding of mental disorders is relatively high in the participants. Most of them are willing to do something for mentally disabled persons’ social rehabilitation. Ten percent of all respondents would choose ‘can’t go along with mentally handicapped persons’ social rehabilitation support’. Conclusion : The results suggest that the provision of the opportunity for personal contact with mentally handicapped persons are important for improving the educational activity of the public about mental illnesses and considered to be important measures for promoting the acceptance and support of the mentally handicapped persons by the local residents

レシーバ カンスウ カイセキ ニ ヨル セイナン ニホン ノ チカ コウゾウ ノ スイテイ ト ジシン カツドウ ト ノ カンケイ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第12824号理博第3134号新制||理||1465(附属図書館)UT51-2007-H97京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻(主査)教授 伊藤 潔, 教授 川崎 一朗, 教授 平原 和朗学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Non-contact imaging of subsurface defects using a scanning laser source

Hayashi T., Mori N., Ueno T. Non-contact imaging of subsurface defects using a scanning laser source. Ultrasonics, 2021, Vol. 119, 106560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106560.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2021.10656

MOESM2 of Analyzing the continuous volcanic tremors detected during the 2015 phreatic eruption of the Hakone volcano

Additional file 2. Temporal changes in amplitude ratios during volcanic tremor. This file shows the temporal changes in the amplitude ratios among the stations near the vents

The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (M-JMA=6.7) was triggered by a strike-slip faulting in a stepover segment: insights from the aftershock distribution and the focal mechanism solution of the main shock

The Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (MJMA = 6.7) occurred on September 6, 2018, in the Hokkaido corner region where the Kurile and northeastern Japan island arcs meet. We relocated aftershocks of this intraplate earthquake immediately after the main shock by using data from a permanent local seismic network and found that aftershock depths were concentrated from 20 to 40 km, which is extraordinarily deep compared with other shallow intraplate earthquakes in the inland area of Honshu and Kyushu, Japan. Further, we found that the aftershock area consists of three segments. The first segment is located in the northern part of the aftershock area, the second segment lies in the southern part, and the third segment forms a stepover between the other two segments. The hypocenter of the main shock, from which the rupture initiated, is located on the stepover segment. The centroid moment tensor solution for the main shock indicates a reverse faulting, whereas the focal mechanism solution determined by using the first-motion polarity of the P wave indicates strike-slip faulting. To explain this discrepancy qualitatively, we present a model in which the rupture started as a small strike-slip fault in the stepover segment of the aftershock area, followed by two large reverse faulting ruptures in the northern and southern segments

Anomalous depth dependency of the stress field in the 2007 Noto Hanto, Japan, earthquake: Potential involvement of a deep fluid reservoir

We have elucidated depth variations in the stress field associated with the 2007 Noto Hanto, Japan, earthquake by stress tensor inversion using high-quality aftershock data obtained by a dense seismic network. Aftershocks that occurred above 4 km in depth indicated a strike-slip stress regime. By contrast, aftershocks in deeper parts indicated a thrust faulting stress regime. This depth variation in the stress regime correlates well with that in the slip direction derived from a finite source model using geodetic data. Furthermore, the maximum principal stress (σ1) axis was stably oriented approximately W20°N down to the depth of the mainshock hypocenter, largely in agreement with the regional stress field, but, below that depth, the σ1 axis had no definite orientation, indicating horizontally isotropic stress. One likely cause of these drastic changes in the stress regime with depth is the buoyant force of a fluid reservoir localized beneath the seismogenic zone

Focal mechanisms and the stress field in the aftershock area of the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (M-JMA=6.7)

The tectonic stress field was investigated in and around the aftershock area of the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (M-JMA = 6.7) occurred on 6 September 2018. We deployed 26 temporary seismic stations in the aftershock area for approximately 2 months and located 1785 aftershocks precisely. Among these aftershocks, 894 focal mechanism solutions were determined using the first-motion polarity of P wave from the temporary observation and the permanent seismic networks of Hokkaido University, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and High Sensitivity Seismograph Network Japan (Hi-net). We found that (1) the reverse faulting and the strike-slip faulting are dominant in the aftershock area, (2) the average trend of P- and T-axes is 78 degrees +/- 33 degrees and 352 degrees +/- 51 degrees, respectively, and (3) the average plunge of P- and T-axes is 25 degrees +/- 16 degrees and 44 degrees +/- 20 degrees, respectively: the P-axis is close to be horizontal and the T-axis is more vertical than the average of the P-axes. We applied a stress inversion method to the focal mechanism solutions to estimate a stress field in the aftershock area. As a result, we found that the reverse fault type stress field is dominant in the aftershock area. An axis of the maximum principal stress (sigma(1)) has the trend of 72 degrees +/- 7 degrees and the dipping eastward of 19 degrees +/- 4 degrees and an axis of the intermediate principal stress (sigma(2)) has the trend of 131 degrees +/- 73 degrees and the dipping southward of 10 degrees +/- 9 degrees, indicating that both of sigma(1)- and sigma(2)-axes are close to be horizontal. An axis of the minimum principal stress (sigma(3)) has the dipping westward of 67 degrees +/- 6 degrees that is close to be vertical. The results strongly suggest that the reverse-fault-type stress field is predominant as an average over the aftershock area which is in the western boundary of the Hidaka Collision Zone. The average of the stress ratio R = (sigma(1) - sigma(2))/(sigma(1) - sigma(3)) is 0.61 +/- 0.13 in the whole aftershock area. Although not statistically significant, we suggest that R decreases systematically as the depth is getting deep, which is modeled by a quadratic polynomial of depth