A solution for two-dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with periodic, semiperiodic, or nonperiodic kernels

A numerical scheme for solving two dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind is developed. The proof of the convergence of the numerical scheme is shown for three cases: the case of periodic kernels, the case of semiperiodic kernels, and the case of nonperiodic kernels. Applications to the incompressible, stationary Navier-Stokes problem are of primary interest

A numerical solution for two-dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with kernels of the logarithmic potential form

Two dimensional Fredholm integral equations with logarithmic potential kernels are numerically solved. The explicit consequence of these solutions to their true solutions is demonstrated. The results are based on a previous work in which numerical solutions were obtained for Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with continuous kernels

Modeling aerodynamic discontinuities and the onset of chaos in flight dynamical systems

Various representations of the aerodynamic contribution to the aircraft's equation of motion are shown to be compatible within the common assumption of their Frechet differentiability. Three forms of invalidating Frechet differentiality are identified, and the mathematical model is amended to accommodate their occurrence. Some of the ways in which chaotic behavior may emerge are discussed, first at the level of the aerodynamic contribution to the equation of motion, and then at the level of the equations of motion themselves

Nonmagnetic band gap at the Dirac point of the magnetic topological insulator Bi1 xMnx 2 Se3

Magnetic doping is expected to open a band gap at the Dirac point of topological insulators by breaking time-reversal symmetry and to enable novel topological phases. Epitaxial (Bi$_{1-x}$Mn$_{x}$)$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ is a prototypical magnetic topological insulator with a pronounced surface band gap of $\sim100$ meV. We show that this gap is neither due to ferromagnetic order in the bulk or at the surface nor to the local magnetic moment of the Mn, making the system unsuitable for realizing the novel phases. We further show that Mn doping does not affect the inverted bulk band gap and the system remains topologically nontrivial. We suggest that strong resonant scattering processes cause the gap at the Dirac point and support this by the observation of in-gap states using resonant photoemission. Our findings establish a novel mechanism for gap opening in topological surface states which challenges the currently known conditions for topological protection.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figure

Importance of dairy products in metabolic syndrome-obesity and hypercholesterolemia - Part 1

WOS: 000254136800018The metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic disorders, namely obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, including diet, play an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome. several epidemiological studies have indicated that the consumption of dairy products, especially low-fat products, was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), plasma lipids and serum cholesterol. Many dairy components such as milk minerals, proteins, or specific peptides, amino acids or milk fat may contribute to these beneficial effects. Although there is a certain focus on calcium in literature, it has not been cleared up until now which component(s) of milk and dairy products contribute to the positive effects. Additionally, many bioactive components derived from whey and some dairy fatty acids are under study for their ability to regulate adiposity and body composition. fermented dairy products and probiotic bacteria decrease absorption of cholesterol. positive effect of the consumption of dairy products on dyslipidemia needs further confirmation

Effects of aging time and storage temperature on the rheological and sensory characteristics of whole ice cream

WOS: 000257972600018The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging time (4 or 24 h) and storage temperature (-10 and -20 degrees C) on the rheological and sensory characteristics of whole ice cream. The formulation of ice cream was 10% milk fat, 11% milk solids not fat, 13% saccharose, 4% 42 Dextrose Equivalent corn syrup and 0.65% stabilizer-emulsifier mixture. The results of the rheological analyses indicate that as the aging time increases, there is an increase in the viscosity values, overrun and hardness of ice cream. Melting resistance was not affected by the prolongation of aging time whereas storage temperature of -20 degrees C improved melting characteristics in the first 60 min. With regard to sensory characteristics, appearance and texture were improved by aging 24 h in comparison to aging 4 h in the products stored at -10 degrees C. Flavor scores of the samples were not affected by aging time and storage temperature