イヌモデルにおける組織工学人工気管を用いた5cmの胸部気管置換

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第23470号医博第4777号新制||医||1053(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 大森 孝一, 教授 平井 豊博, 教授 安達 泰治学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Enumerated sparse extraction of important surgical planning features for mandibular reconstruction

[2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC 2020); Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 20-24 July 2020]Because implicit medical knowledge and experience are used to perform medical treatment, such decisions must be clarified when systematizing surgical procedures. We propose an algorithm that extracts low-dimensional features that are important for determining the number of fibular segments in mandibular reconstruction using the enumeration of Lasso solutions (eLasso). To perform the multi-class classification, we extend the eLasso using an importance evaluation criterion that quantifies the contribution of the extracted features. Experiment results show that the extracted 7-dimensional feature set has the same estimation performance as the set using all 49-dimensional features

Automated Planning with Multivariate Shape Descriptors for Fibular Transfer in Mandibular Reconstruction

Objective: This paper introduces methods to automate preoperative planning of fibular segmentation and placement for mandibular reconstruction with fibular flaps. Methods: Preoperative virtual planning for this type of surgery has been performed by manual adjustment of many parameters, or based upon a single feature of the reconstruction. We propose a novel planning procedure formulated as a non-convex minimization problem of an objective function using the multilateral shape descriptors. Results: A retrospective study was designed and 120 reconstruction plans were reproduced using computed tomography images with oral surgeons. The proposed automated planning model was quantitatively compared with both the existing model and the surgeons’ plans. Conclusion: The results show that the developed framework attains stable automated planning that agrees with the surgeons’ decisions. Significance: This method addresses trade-off problems between symmetric reconstruction and restoration of the native contour of the mandible

Precipitation during γ-ε Phase Transformation in Biomedical Co-Cr-Mo Alloys Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting

We studied the precipitates that were induced during γ-ε phase transformation in biomedical Co-28Cr-6Mo (mass%) alloys that were fabricated by electron beam melting with carbon contents of 0.184 and 0.018 mass%. In the high-C as-built alloy, M23X6-type, π-phase (M3T2X-type), and η-phase (M6X-M12X-type) precipitates were observed (M and T: metallic elements, X: C and/or N). σ-phase (Co(Cr,Mo)), π-phase, and Co3Mo2Si-type precipitates were observed in the low-C as-built alloy. This is the first report that shows the presence and chemical composition of this precipitate, as the Co3Mo2Si-type precipitate has not been detected in biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloys before. After aging in the ε-phase stability region, the high-C and low-C alloys both contained a single ε-phase matrix, and the amount of π-phase precipitates increased. Conversely, the amount of π-phase precipitates in both alloys decreased when a reverse transformation treatment was applied in the γ-phase stability region after aging. In the low-C alloy, the amount of Co3Mo2Si-type precipitates increased after reverse transformation treatment. These results indicate that the dissolution of π-phase precipitates and the formation of Co3Mo2Si-type precipitates during reverse transformation promote the formation of fine γ-phase grains at the precipitate/ε-phase matrix interface, because the formation and dissolution of these precipitates affect the γ-phase stability of the matrix

A comprehensive survey on quantum computer usage: How many qubits are employed for what purposes?

Quantum computers (QCs), which work based on the law of quantum mechanics, are expected to be faster than classical computers in several computational tasks such as prime factoring and simulation of quantum many-body systems. In the last decade, research and development of QCs have rapidly advanced. Now hundreds of physical qubits are at our disposal, and one can find several remarkable experiments actually outperforming the classical computer in a specific computational task. On the other hand, it is unclear what the typical usages of the QCs are. Here we conduct an extensive survey on the papers that are posted in the quant-ph section in arXiv and claim to have used QCs in their abstracts. To understand the current situation of the research and development of the QCs, we evaluated the descriptive statistics about the papers, including the number of qubits employed, QPU vendors, application domains and so on. Our survey shows that the annual number of publications is increasing, and the typical number of qubits employed is about six to ten, growing along with the increase in the quantum volume (QV). Most of the preprints are devoted to applications such as quantum machine learning, condensed matter physics, and quantum chemistry, while quantum error correction and quantum noise mitigation use more qubits than the other topics. These imply that the increase in QV is fundamentally relevant, and more experiments for quantum error correction, and noise mitigation using shallow circuits with more qubits will take place.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, figures regenerate

Streptococcus anginosus のプロリルトリペプチジルペプチダーゼの産生と酵素性状

Streptococcus anginosus is considered to be implicated in the etiology of oral infectious diseases as well as abscess formation in various body sites. We investigated the production and the enzymatic properties of PTP of S. anginosus NCTC 10713. This enzyme was found only in cell extract and active on tripeptide substrates containing proline residue at P1 position, particularly H−Ala−Ala−Pro−p−nitroanilide. The enzyme was produced by all 8 species of tested streptococci, indicating occurrence of this enzyme is rather ubiquitous within streptococci. This PTP was purified to homogeneity from the cell extract by the procedures including ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography, gel filtration and electrophoresis. The enzyme was inhibited by serine enzyme inhibitors and chelating reagents, indicating this PTP is a serine metalloenzyme with a molecular mass of 66 kDa. The enzyme was active against H−Ala−Ala−Pro−p−nitroanilide and H−Ala−Phe−Pro−p−nitroanilide in neutral pH solutions. The activity was completely lost by heating at 50°C for 10min

Association of Clinical Features with Human Leukocyte Antigen in Japanese Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

【Background】 The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is classified into ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), by genome-wide association studies. The aim of this study was to confirm whether HLA-alleles confer susceptibility to UC and to determine whether HLA-allel1es are associated with the clinical phenotypes in Japanese patients with UC. 【Methods】 In this study, HLA typing was performed by PCR-sequence-specific oligonucleotides (PCR-SSO) to confirm the correlation between UC and HLA alleles (for HLA-A, B, DRB1) in 45 Japanese UC patients. In addition, whether the HLA alleles are related to patient and clinical background characteristics was examined. 【Results】 Overall, 62.2%, and 66.7% of the 45 UC patients had HLA-B*52 and HLA-DRB1*15, respectively. These allele frequencies were significantly higher than in previously reported Japanese control persons (P < 0.0001). The frequencies of extraintestinal manifestations [odds ratio (OR) = 0.12, P = 0.039] and a history of colectomy (OR = 0.18, P = 0.046) were lower in HLA-B*52-positive UC patients than in HLA-B*52 negative UC patients. The white blood cell (WBC) count was significantly higher in HLA-DRB1*15-positive patients (9430 ± 4592/μL) than in HLA-DRB1*15-negative patients (6729 ± 2160/μL). Thus, HLA-B*52 and DRB1*15 appear to be associated with disease features and severity in Japanese UC patients. 【Conclusion】 These results indicate that HLA-B*52 and DRB1*15 are not only associated with overall UC susceptibility, but also with the clinical phenotypes in Japanese patients

Quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic : a 1-year follow-up study

This study aimed to reveal changes in the quality of life (QOL) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents, and the interaction between their QOL and parental mental state during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Eighty-nine school-aged children and parents participated in surveys in May 2020 (T1) and May 2021 (T2). The parents completed questionnaires that assessed their QOL, depression, parenting stress, and living conditions. Children's temporary mood status was evaluated using the self-reported visual analog scale (VAS). Children's QOL and VAS at T2 were higher than their QOL at T1. Parents' QOL at T2 was lower than their QOL at T1. Severe parental depression at T1 had a synergistic effect on severe parenting stress and severe depressive state at T2. Additionally, children's high QOL at T1 had a synergistic effect on low parenting stress and children's high QOL at T2. Furthermore, children's low VAS scores and parents' low QOL at T2 were associated with deterioration of family economic status. Children and parents' QOL changed during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. Improvement in children's QOL was influenced by reduced maternal depressive symptoms. Public support for parental mental health is important to avoid decreasing QOL.Peer reviewe