156 research outputs found
Numerical analysis of the eutectic melting and relocation of the b4c control rod materials by the MPFI-MPS method
Eutectic melting and subsequent relocation of the boron-carbide (B4C) control rod materials were simulated by a particle method. In the past, it was difficult to simulate the eutectic melting by a particle method because the melting starts at the interface between two different materials, which leads to the instability of the particle motion due to the small amount of fluid particles and lack of the thermodynamic consistency of the particle system. Thus, the Moving Particle Full Implicit (MPFI)-Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method was developed and introduced in the current study. Specifically, the MPFI method was introduced for the momentum transfer calculation, and the MPS method was introduced for the heat and mass transfer calculation. The MPFIMPS method realized the simulation of the eutectic melting and subsequent relocation behaviour
An approach for the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation in
In the paper, we develop an approach to construct global
solutions to the Cauchy problem on the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation near
equilibrium in . In particular, only smallness of
with is imposed on initial data , where
is the Fourier transform in space variable. This
provides the first result on the global existence of such low-regularity
solutions without relying on Sobolev embedding in case of the whole space. Different from the use of
sufficiently smooth Sobolev spaces in those classical results by
Gressman-Strain and AMUXY, there is a crucial difference between the torus case
and the whole space case for low regularity solutions under consideration. In
fact, for the former, it is enough to take the only norm corresponding
to the Weiner space as studied in Duan-Liu-Sakamoto-Strain. In contrast, for
the latter, the extra interplay with the norm plays a vital role in
controlling the nonlinear collision term due to the degenerate dissipation of
the macroscopic component. Indeed, the propagation of norm helps gain
an almost optimal decay rate of the
norm via the time-weighted energy estimates in the spirit of the idea
of Kawashima-Nishibata-Nishikawa and in turn, this is necessarily used for
establishing the global existence.Comment: 38 page
Mass-dependent evolution of the relation between supermassive black hole mass and host spheroid mass since z ~ 1
We investigate the evolution of supermassive black hole mass (M_BH) and the
host spheroid mass (M_sph) in order to track the history of the M_BH-M_sph
relationship. The typical mass increase of M_BH is calculated by a continuity
equation and accretion history, which is estimated from the active galactic
nucleus (AGN) luminosity function. The increase in M_sph is also calculated by
using a continuity equation and a star formation model, which uses
observational data for the formation rate and stellar mass function. We find
that the black hole to spheroid mass ratio is expected to be substantially
unchanged since z~1.2 for high mass objects (M_BH>10^8.5M_SUN and
M_sph>10^11.3M_SUN). In the same redshift range, the spheroid mass is found to
increase more rapidly than the black hole mass if M_sph>10^11M_SUN. The
proposed mass-dependent model is consistent with the current available
observational data in the M_BH-M_sph diagram.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted to MNRA
Predicting reliable H column density maps from molecular line data using machine learning
The total mass estimate of molecular clouds suffers from the uncertainty in
the H-CO conversion factor, the so-called factor, which is
used to convert the CO (1--0) integrated intensity to the H column
density. We demonstrate the machine learning's ability to predict the H
column density from the CO, CO, and CO (1--0) data set of
four star-forming molecular clouds; Orion A, Orion B, Aquila, and M17. When the
training is performed on a subset of each cloud, the overall distribution of
the predicted column density is consistent with that of the Herschel column
density. The total column density predicted and observed is consistent within
10\%, suggesting that the machine learning prediction provides a reasonable
total mass estimate of each cloud. However, the distribution of the column
density for values cm, which corresponds to
the dense gas, could not be predicted well. This indicates that molecular line
observations tracing the dense gas are required for the training. We also found
a significant difference between the predicted and observed column density when
we created the model after training the data on different clouds. This
highlights the presence of different factors between the clouds,
and further training in various clouds is required to correct for these
variations. We also demonstrated that this method could predict the column
density toward the area not observed by Herschel if the molecular line and
column density maps are available for the small portion, and the molecular line
data are available for the larger areas.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Distance determination of molecular clouds in the 1st quadrant of the Galactic plane using deep learning : I. Method and Results
Machine learning has been successfully applied in varied field but whether it
is a viable tool for determining the distance to molecular clouds in the Galaxy
is an open question. In the Galaxy, the kinematic distance is commonly employed
as the distance to a molecular cloud. However, there is a problem in that for
the inner Galaxy, two different solutions, the ``Near'' solution, and the
``Far'' solution, can be derived simultaneously. We attempted to construct a
two-class (``Near'' or ``Far'') inference model using a Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN), a form of deep learning that can capture spatial features
generally. In this study, we used the CO dataset toward the 1st quadrant of the
Galactic plane obtained with the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope (l = 62-10
degree, |b| < 1 degree). In the model, we applied the three-dimensional
distribution (position-position-velocity) of the 12CO (J=1-0) emissions as the
main input. The dataset with ``Near'' or ``Far'' annotation was made from the
HII region catalog of the infrared astronomy satellite WISE to train the model.
As a result, we could construct a CNN model with a 76% accuracy rate on the
training dataset. By using the model, we determined the distance to molecular
clouds identified by the CLUMPFIND algorithm. We found that the mass of the
molecular clouds with a distance of < 8.15 kpc identified in the 12CO data
follows a power-law distribution with an index of about -2.3 in the mass range
of M >10^3 Msun. Also, the detailed molecular gas distribution of the Galaxy as
seen from the Galactic North pole was determined.Comment: 29 pages, 12 figure
Rotator Cuff Lesions in Patients with Stiff Shoulders A Prospective Analysis of 379 Shoulders
Background: Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis is defined as a frozen shoulder with severe and global range-of-motion los
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