Changes in serum lactate to aerobic exercise among amateur athletes and non-athletes

Lactate is an end product of glucose metabolism that is usually produced in a larger quantity during exercise. This increase in production during exercise has been understood to be the reason for fatigue. The aim of this study is to determine the responses of serum lactate to aerobic exercise among amateur athletes and non-athletes. 48 consenting males (24 amateur athletes and 24 non-athletes) participated in this comparative quasi-experimental design. Subjects cycled on a bicycle ergometer to attain moderate intensity exercise target heart rate (MIETHR) and maintained the MIETHR till exhaustion (15 on Borgs scale or volitional exertion) while the serum lactate was measured at intervals. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Alpha level was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 26.08±2.28 and 28.13±1.51 for the athletes and non-athletes respectively. There was a significant difference p=0.001 Training induced adaptations include a lower serum lactate level, a point that should be noted in studying of metabolic adaptations.Keywords: Lactate, Athletes, Exercise, Response, Fitnes

Review of prostate cancer research in Nigeria

Prostate cancer (CaP) disparities in the black man calls for concerted research efforts. This review explores the trend and focus of CaP research activities in Nigeria, one of the ancestral nations for black men. It seeks to locate the place of the Nigerian research environment in the global progress on CaP disparities. Literature was reviewed mainly through a Pubmed search with the terms “prostate cancer”and “Nigeria”, as well as from internet and hard copies of journal pages

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV patients in Benin City, Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the presence of intestinal parasites and their correlation with CD4+ T-cell counts and demographics among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients in Benin City, Nigeria. Stool specimens from 2,000 HIV-positive patients and 500 controls (HIV-negative individuals) were examined for ova, cysts, or parasites, using standard procedures. In addition, patient's blood samples were analyzed for CD4 counts by flow cytometry. An overall prevalence rate of 15.3% was observed among HIV-positive patients while 6.2% was noted among non-HIV subjects. HIV status was a significant (P<0.0001) risk factor for acquiring intestinal parasitic infections. Male gender, CD4 count <200cell/µl, and diarrhea were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV-positive patients. The level of education, occupation, and source of water among HIV patients significantly (P<0.0001) affected the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most predominant parasite in both HIV-positive patients and controls. A CD4 count <200 cells/µl was significantly associated with only Isospora belli and Cryptosporidium infections. The presence of pathogenic intestinal parasites such as A. lumbricoides, hookworm, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichuris trichiura, and Taenia species among HIV-infected persons should not be neglected. Cryptosporidium species and I. belli were the opportunistic parasites observed in this study. Routine screening for intestinal parasites in HIV-positive patients is advocated

PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC STEM EXTRACT OF BOMBAX BUONOPOZENSE P.BEAUV (SILK COTTON TREE)

Background: The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate methanolic extract of Bombax buonopozense (stem) for antimicrobial and phytochemical screening. Methods: The methanolic stem extract of B. buonopozense with documented ethno-medicinal  applications were fractionated in different solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) and subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity against some disease-causing microorganisms including gram positive and gram negative (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli). The antimicrobial tests were carried out in triplicates, the data obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA using statistical package for social science (SPSS). Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Alkaloids, saponins, saponin glycosides, Tannins, hydrolysable Tannins, steroids and triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols and volatile oils. Each fractions of the extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against all the organisms tested. MIC values of each fractions revealed strong inhibition against all the organisms tested. The methanolic stem extract of B. buonopozense in chloroform, water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and n-butanol showed the following MIC values. S. aureus. 6.25, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 12.5. E. coli  100, 100, 50, 6.25 and 12.5. Salmonella spp. 3.125, 12.5, 25, 3.125 and 12.5 respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the extract posses’ antimicrobial properties which can be used as alternatives to conventional antibiotics.                           Peer Review History: Received: 25 August 2022; Revised: 8 October; Accepted: 8 November, Available online: 15 November 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected] Received file:                             Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected] Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected] Similar Articles:   IN -VIVO ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF BOMBAX BUONOPOZENSE CRITICAL REVIEW ON BOMBAX CEIBA, ALOE VERA AND XIMENIA AMERICAN