Phosphorus-containing sulfonated polyimides for proton exchange membranes

Synthesis and characterization of the novel sulfonated BAPPO monomer and its use in the synthesis of a new phosphine oxide-based sulfonated polyimide are described. BTDA, 6FDA, and DDS were used as monomers in the polyimide synthesis. Sulfonated polyimide membranes were obtained by a solution thermal imidization method. The thermal behavior of the polymers was investigated by DSC and TGA. The morphological structure of the membranes was investigated by tapping-mode AFM. The proton conductivities of the sulfonated polyimide increased regularly as a function of sulfonated diamine content. The conductivities are good compared to typical proton exchange membranes

Proposal of Optimum Fishway System Based on Field Investigations

The purpose of this paper is to see what an optimum fishway system is, mainly, with water utilization facilities. To liquidate the dilemma between development and preservation, it is necessary to proceed with the design and construction of fishways, on one hand, and to seek, on the other hand, to secure fishery resources preserve the species by determining how far and how fast river development should go. This is only possible by developing optimum fishway systems according to field demonstrative studies. This paper describes the modelling of maintainable optimum fishway systems, mainly from the technical approach, and shows their predictability

Flow Characteristics Near the Outlet of a Fishway with Headworks

In this research, we studied the optimum positions of fishways through a few inquiries into existing fishways and related positive investigation. Then, we made a laboratory reproduction of data concerning the shape of channels near headworks. In Japan, these are widened so as not to impede the descent of flood flow. We also checked for the characteristics of the compound cross-section channel, which is locally strongly affected by the widened part, as a structure necessary to assure a gut and grasped its basic flow regime pattern

Neurosteroid Biosynthesis in the Brain and Pituitary Gland of Salmonid Fishes

The present study was conducted to investigate the relations between neurosteroid biosynthesis and their possible roles on migratory mechanisms of salmonid fishes, using sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). First, the ability of brain to produce sex steroid hormones was examined with exogenous steroid substrates during smoltification. It was demonstrated that the brain had the ability to produce sex steroid hormones during smoltification, and the ability tended to be higher in the anterior brain than in the posterior brain. Secondly, the ability of salmon brain and pituitary to synthesize and metabolize cholesterol was examined by in vitro thin-layer chromatography method during sexual maturation. It was revealed that pregnenolone was identified as one of cholesterol metabolites in the brain and pituitary gland. These results suggest that neurosteroids are produced in the brain and pituitary gland of sockeye salmon, and might be involved in smoltification and sexual maturation of salmonid fishes

Estudios Políticos (no. 33 jul-dic 2008)

Balance del proceso de desmovilización, desarme y reinserción (DDR) de los bloques Cacique Nutibara y Héroes de Granada en la ciudad de Medellín / Alonso Espinal, Manuel Alberto ; Valencia Agudelo, German Dario Las políticas públicas como paradigmas / Surel, Yves ; Sanchez Segura, Javier Perspectivas teóricas para el análisis de las políticas públicas : ¿de la razón científica al arte retórico? / Roth Deubel, Andre Noel La ciencia política y las políticas públicas : notas para una reconstrucción histórica de su relación / Valencia Agudelo, German Dario ; Alvarez, Yohan Alexis Políticas públicas de cultura : un rasgo de la relación entre miedos y esperanzas, el caso del municipio de Bello, 1997-2007 / Atehortua Castro, Luis Alfredo La participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas de lucha contra la corrupción : respondiendo a la lógica de gobernanza / Cano Blandon, Luisa Fernanda Puesta en escena, silencios y momentos del testimonio : el trabajo de campo en contextos de violencia / Quiceno Toro, Natali

Factory Animation by Self-Organization Principles

In the paper a novel idea of combining a virtual reality with an automated action control based on selforganization simulation is introduced. The concept provides an intelligent control for entities in the virtual reality enabling the user to participate in real-time to the self-organization simulation through the virtual reality interface. The concept is demonstrated with an implementation in a manufacturing domain, where a real world factory shop-floor is modeled in virtual reality, and factory operations are controlled based on selforganization simulation. The control provides a real time and continuous adaptation of the factory operations to the user interactions and other environmental disturbances. The implementation is based on distributed programming, where the self-organization simulator and the virtual factory are running on a separate computers. Two programs interchange continuously information through a local area network. The first implementation have proved to provide suf..