Incorporating the social environment in genotype environment interaction studies of mental disorders

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79175/1/j.1742-1241.2010.02359.x.pd

GAMBARAN PERESEPAN OBAT BETA BLOCKER PADA PASIEN GAGAL JANTUNG SISTOLIK YANG DIRAWAT JALAN DI RSUP DR KARIADI SEMARANG

Latar Belakang: Gagal jantung sistolik merupakan kegagalan jantung untuk memberikan suplai darah dalam memenuhi kebutuhan metabolisme jaringan dengan hipertrofi dinding ventrikel yang memiliki output terbatas karena ejeksi yang terganggu selama sistol dengan Fraksi Ejeksi (FE) 40%. Gagal jantung terus berkembang di dunia dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat dan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas hidup hingga kematian. Terdapat beberapa terapi medikamentosa untuk gagal jantung sesuai pedoman internasional. Beta blocker adalah salah satu obat yang direkomendasikan, namun penggunaannya sebagai terapi gagal jantung masih kurang dimanfaatkan. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran peresepan obat beta blocker pada pasien gagal jantung sistolik yang dirawat jalan di RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang periode Juli 2016 hingga Juli 2017 dengan mengacu pada pedoman pengobatan gagal jantung. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Data yang diambil adalah data sekunder dari rekam medis rawat jalan pasien gagal jantung sistolik di RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang periode Juli 2016 hingga Juli 2017 dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling dan didapatkan 115 sampel. Hasil: Terdapat 47 pasien (40,9%) yang memperoleh terapi obat beta blocker dan 68 pasien (59,1%) yang tidak mendapat obat beta blocker. Dari 47 pasien tersebut, sebanyak 41 pasien (87,23%) mendapatkan terapi yang sesuai indikasi. Beberapa alasan kelompok pasien yang tidak mendapatkan obat beta blocker yaitu 1 pasien bradikardia (1,47%), 1 pasien syok kardiogenik (1,47%), 1 orang asma (1,47%), 2 orang kongesti (2,94%), dan 63 pasien (92,64%) tidak diketahui alasannya. Kesimpulan: Pasien gagal jantung sistolik rawat jalan yang mendapatkan terapi beta blocker adalah 40,9%, dan 87,23% di antaranya mendapatkan terapi sesuai dengan indikasi, sementara 59,1% pasien tidak mendapatkan obat beta blocker. Kata kunci: gagal jantung sistolik, rawat jalan, obat beta blocke

Radionuclide concentrations in medicinal florae and committed effective dose through Ayurvedic medicines

Purpose: Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicines in the world being practiced widely in the Indian subcontinent for more than 3000 years, and still remains as one of the important traditional health care systems. The Ayurvedic drugs are derived primarily from various parts of the plants, like root, leaf, flower, fruit or plant as a whole. Plants uptake minerals and other nutrients from the soil through their root system. Along with other minerals radionuclides present in the growing media also reach to the plant parts following the same pathway. Realizing the probable health hazards via the intake of Ayurvedic drugs, it is important to assess the concentration of natural radionuclides in commonly used medicinal plants. Materials and methods: NaI(Tl) scintillator-based gamma-ray spectrometry has been used to determine the activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in the most commonly used medicinal plant parts as ingredients of Ayurvedic medicines in India. Results and discussion: The average specific activity (Bqkg−1) of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was found to be 43 ± 18, 36 ± 15 and 230 ± 46, respectively. The estimated annual committed effective doses due to the intake of common Ayurvedic medicines at prescribed dosage was found to be 39 ± 16 µSv y−1, which is quite low as compared with the radiation dose limit of 1 mSvy−1 from all natural sources, reported by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-60). Conclusions: It is found categorically that intake of Ayurvedic medicines at normal dosage poses no radiological hazard to the individual. Present results are significant in the wake of myths that many hazardous materials including radioisotopes are present at higher levels. Obtained results also serve as a reference information for the distribution of radionuclides in medicinal plant species

OCPAT: an online codon-preserved alignment tool for evolutionary genomic analysis of protein coding sequences

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rapidly accumulating genome sequence data from multiple species offer powerful opportunities for the detection of DNA sequence evolution. Phylogenetic tree construction and codon-based tests for natural selection are the prevailing tools used to detect functionally important evolutionary change in protein coding sequences. These analyses often require multiple DNA sequence alignments that maintain the correct reading frame for each collection of putative orthologous sequences. Since this feature is not available in most alignment tools, codon reading frames often must be checked manually before evolutionary analyses can commence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we report an online codon-preserved alignment tool (OCPAT) that generates multiple sequence alignments automatically from the coding sequences of any list of human gene IDs and their putative orthologs from genomes of other vertebrate tetrapods. OCPAT is programmed to extract putative orthologous genes from genomes and to align the orthologs with the reading frame maintained in all species. OCPAT also optimizes the alignment by trimming the most variable alignment regions at the 5' and 3' ends of each gene. The resulting output of alignments is returned in several formats, which facilitates further molecular evolutionary analyses by appropriate available software. Alignments are generally robust and reliable, retaining the correct reading frame. The tool can serve as the first step for comparative genomic analyses of protein-coding gene sequences including phylogenetic tree reconstruction and detection of natural selection. We aligned 20,658 human RefSeq mRNAs using OCPAT. Most alignments are missing sequence(s) from at least one species; however, functional annotation clustering of the ~1700 transcripts that were alignable to all species shows that genes involved in multi-subunit protein complexes are highly conserved.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The OCPAT program facilitates large-scale evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses of entire biological processes, pathways, and diseases.</p

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms Predict Delay to Hospital in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Increased delay to hospital presentation with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with poor outcomes. While demographic factors associated with this delay have been well described, scarce data are available on the role of modifiable factors, such as psychosocial disorders, on pre-hospital delay. Patients with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often avoid stressful situations and may delay presenting for care when they experience cardiac symptoms. It is unknown, however, whether PTSD symptoms negatively impact the time to presentation during an ACS. Methods: We assessed the relationship between PTSD symptoms and pre-hospital delay in 241 adults with an ACS in the ongoing Prescription Use, Lifestyle, Stress Evaluation (PULSE) study. Results: Overall, 66 % of patients were male; 40 % were Hispanic or Latino. The mean age was 61.9611.6 years old. PTSD symptoms were present in 17.8 % of patients. Pre-hospital delay was longer for patients with PTSD symptoms compared to those without [geometric mean: 25.8 hours (95 % CI 13.8 – 44.8) vs. 10.7 hours (95 % CI 8.3 – 13.8)]; P = 0.005. After multivariable adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, depression, left ventricular ejection fraction and history of myocardial infarction, the mean pre-hospital delay was 173 % (95 % CI: 36 % –450%) longer for patients with versus without PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Among patients presenting with an ACS, PTSD symptoms were independently associated with longer prehospita

Glucocorticoid receptor DNA methylation, childhood maltreatment and major depression

Altered DNA methylation (DNAm) levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis genes has been associated with exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) and depression; however, it is unknown whether CM and depression have joint and potentially interacting effects on the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) DNAm. We investigated the impact of CM and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) on NR3C1 DNAm and gene expression (GE) in 147 adult participants from the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study

Association of the rs2242446 polymorphism in the norepinephrine transporter gene SLC6A2 and anxious arousal symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder

To the Editor: Recently, we found that greater norepinephrine transporter (NET) availability in the locus ceruleus of trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with increased severity of anxious arousal (ie, hypervigilance and exaggerated startle) symptoms, but not any of the other empirically derived symptom clusters that characterize this disorder.1 This finding suggests that greater NET availability in the locus ceruleus may serve a compensatory function of clearing elevated synaptic norepinephrine and maintaining anxious arousal symptoms in persons with PTSD

Association of the rs2242446 polymorphism in the norepinephrine transporter gene SLC6A2 and anxious arousal symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder

To the Editor: Recently, we found that greater norepinephrine transporter (NET) availability in the locus ceruleus of trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with increased severity of anxious arousal (ie, hypervigilance and exaggerated startle) symptoms, but not any of the other empirically derived symptom clusters that characterize this disorder.1 This finding suggests that greater NET availability in the locus ceruleus may serve a compensatory function of clearing elevated synaptic norepinephrine and maintaining anxious arousal symptoms in persons with PTSD