Impact of industrial wastes on the water quality of tropical river, Ami (India)

Industries discharge their effluents which are rich in solids, may it be in the form of TSS or TDS. These solids affect the other physicochemical parameters of the water body. Present study deals with the investigation of seasonal variation and statistical analyses of the selected parameters, in river Ami, in light of the industrial effluents. The study records that summer season, appears to be the most polluted, that is during the period when the river carries little amount of water. Statistical analysis showed that all the physicochemical parameters were positively correlated except TDS and temperature

Eco-management of Wastewater by ZESTP

In present study, an evaluation of ZESTP (Zero Energy Sewage Treatment Plant) has been described as an alternative solution of sewage water treatment. This system has become widely famous because of having great absorption efficiencyof nutrients, simple construction and maintenance, relatively less costly as well as a strong process. After treatment of sewage water, the level of dissolve oxygen was increased up to 73% due to the enhanced numbers of photosynthetic organisms. Some aquatic macrophytes such as Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Pistia stratiotes L. and Hydrilla verticillata Casp were used in ZESTP for waste water treatment based on phytoremediation. ZESTP could reduce the around 84% turbidity, 46% electrical conductivity, 43% salinity, 74% acidity, 69% free CO2, 73% BOD, 44% COD, 70% suspended solids, 62% total hardness, 71% chloride, 59% cadmium, 51% iron, and 71% copper from the waste water. Naturally, some plants have capability are to retain and/or remove fatal chemicals which are present in sewage water. Moreover, macrophytes based ZESTP is a cost effective and an eco-friendly technique of sewage water treatment

Nutritional studies of Chara corallina

Physico-chemical analysis of the pond water supporting growth of Chara corallina and of those grown in different culture media in the laboratory conditions have been carried out. The physico-chemical parameters of the water of Napli forest and P.N. Mehra Botanical Garden show that Chara corallina requires less amount of nutrients and the level of pollution is quite low as is evident from the data and standards. The water is clear enough to allow penetration of visibility to its bottom. Napli forest and P.N. Mehra Botanical Garden lack rich diversity which may be attributed to some chemicals released by Chara corallina. In laboratory culture, it is found that Chara corallina can be grown in all three culture media, viz., Allen and Arnon’s medium , Chu-10 medium and BG-11 medium but growth is seen to be the best in Allen and Arnon’s culture medium in comparison with the other two culture media

Реологічний аналіз нанобурового розчину на основі TiO2

Передова методологія видобутку з ефективним буровим розчином є обов’язковою вимогою для видобутку нафти і газу з нетрадиційних пластів. Нестабільність стовбура свердловини, корозія, змащування та зменшення різання – це лише деякі з проблем, які існують у традиційних системах бурового розчину. Очікується, що одним із ефективних рішень для вирішення цих проблем у нафтогазовому секторі стане буровий розчин на основі нанотехнологій (n-буровий розчин). У роботі такі реологічні властивості бурового розчину як пластична в’язкість (PV), уявна в’язкість (AV), межа текучості (YP) були виміряні, проаналізовані та порівняні з нанобуровим розчином на основі наночастинок TiO2. Техніко-економічні переваги n-бурового розчину над звичайною рідиною були перевірені та вивчені. Також було проведено відносний аналіз напруги зсуву по відношенню до швидкості зсуву. Оптимальна концентрація наночастинок TiO2 становить 0,1 мас. %/об. % (0,35 г), що покращує PV на 10 %, тоді як значні зміни відображаються в AV та YP.Advance extraction methodology with effective drilling fluid is the compulsory requirement for the production of oil and gas from unconventional reservoirs. Wellbore instability, corrosion, lubrication, and cutting reduction are a few of the problems existing in traditional drilling fluid systems. Nano-based drilling fluid (n-drilling fluid) is expected to be one of the effective solutions to resolve these issues in the oil and gas sector. In this work, the rheological properties like plastic viscosity (PV), apparent viscosity (AV), yield point (YP), etc. of drilling fluid were measured, analyzed, and compared with TiO2 nanoparticles based nano drilling fluid. The technical and economic benefits of n-drilling fluid over normal fluid were inspected and studied. Relative analysis of shear stress with respect to shear rate was also performed. The optimum concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles is found to be 0.1 w. %/v. % (0.35 g) which improves PV by 10 %, while significant changes are depicted in AV and YP

Assessing the improvement in cement effectiveness by the geometry of implant abutment surface

Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of the topography or surface geometry of implant abutments for their effect on the retentive strength of the prosthesis cemented using zinc phosphate on grooved, sandblasted, and standard machined implant abutments and to compare them. Methods: 12 implant abutments of a similar shape were divided into 3 groups of 4 each having a 6-degree taper and 6mm height. The 3 groups were Group I included standard machined abutments without grooves, Group II included group I abutments sandblasted, and Group III included abutments having prefabricated circumferential grooves. In addition, among these 12 abutments, 4 each were taken to assess the retentive force of zinc phosphate cement. 12 similar cast copings were made to fill the 12 abutments, and were cemented with zinc phosphate. After 6 days of storage in the water bath and thermal cycling, using the tensile testing machine, a retention test was done. Results: Concerning zinc phosphate cement, among three study groups the statistically significant difference was seen with p<0.05.&nbsp

Delineation of safe groundwater aquifers in a Fluoride contaminated region: Walwa Taluka, Maharashtra

Groundwater aquifer contamination has leads health problems in village areas of Maharashtra, India. In this study, groundwater analysis was carried out for different groundwater parameters along with fluoride to delineate the high and low contaminated fluoride region in the Walwa taluka, Maharashtra. A distinct contaminated regions for high and low F‒ contaminated regions were identified in the collected post monsoon groundwater samples (n = 144). In total 98% samples are unsuitable for consumption. Hydro-geochemistry of the region showed highest anion concentration for bicarbonate (1880 mg/L), whereas highest cation concentration for calcium was measured as 118 mg/L. It is main cause for alkaline groundwater condition in this region. The 2D ordinary kriging results are well corborated with the obtained hydrogeochemistry results. The low F‒ concentration region was found near the Krishna River, whereas high concentration regions were found near the agricultural and high land region. The primary hydrogeochemistry of the region suggests that the geogenic source of F‒ minerals in the region. The practice of fertiliser, herbicides and pesticides on agricultural field suggests that these are the secondary source for groundwater F‒ contamination. The applied numerical groundwater modelling software, provided technically viable and effective decision making-tool for identification of safe region in the study area

Apolipoprotein B-100 XbaI gene polymorphism in gallbladder cancer

Genetic polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene have been reported to be associated with altered serum lipids and susceptibility to cholesterol gallstones (GS). Gallstones are among the well-known risk factors for carcinoma of the gallbladder (GBC). In the present study, the association between the XbaI polymorphism of the apo B gene was examined in patients with GBC and GS and in normal controls in a north Indian population. DNA samples from patients with GBC (n=153), GS (n=117) and healthy subjects (n=137) were analysed for the apoB- XbaI polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotype X+/- was less frequent in patients with GBC (39.2%) than in those with GS (68.3%) and in normal subjects (66.4%; P<0.00001). In contrast, there was an increase in the homozygous X-/- genotype in patients with GBC (54.9%) as compared with those with GS (23.9%) and normal subjects (25.5%; P<0.00001). The frequency of the X- allele was found to be significantly increased in GBC patients with or without GS (odds ratio=2.3 and 1.7, respectively). We suggest that the apoB-XbaI gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to carcinoma of the gallbladder under specific environmental conditions

Estimation of active surface deformation using PSInSAR technique of the Central Himalayan region

AbstractThe Kumaun Himalaya is considered as the most active part of the Central Seismic gap in the Indian Sub-continent. In this paper, we presented active surface deformation rates of the Kumaun region from February 2017 to February 2021 using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSI) technique. The cumulative displacement that occurred during the span of 4 years is ±55 mm, whereas the Line of Sight (LOS) deformation velocity rate ranges is ±7 mm/yr. Apart from PSI, we also estimated the b-value of the Kumaun region from 1803 to 2021 (399 events) and its value is 0.54 ± 0.03. A distinct NE-SW trend of b-value is observed where earthquakes with M > 6 occurred towards NE of this trend. The PSI-derived deformation reveals that the central part of the Inner Lesser Himalaya along with the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone is dominated by uplift. The zone between the Munsiari Thrust (MT) and MCT in the central region shows the maximum uplift ranging 5–7 mm/yr which exactly lies above the mid-crustal ramp of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). Our results are well corroborated with available observations of geodetic strain and peak ground acceleration values. However, the deformation patterns and high-velocity rates in the central part of the study area between MT and MCT indicate the accumulation of high stress

Estimation of active surface deformation using PSInSAR technique of the Central Himalayan region

The Kumaun Himalaya is considered as the most active part of the Central Seismic gap in the Indian Sub-continent. In this paper, we presented active surface deformation rates of the Kumaun region from February 2017 to February 2021 using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSI) technique. The cumulative displacement that occurred during the span of 4 years is ±55 mm, whereas the Line of Sight (LOS) deformation velocity rate ranges is ±7 mm/yr. Apart from PSI, we also estimated the b-value of the Kumaun region from 1803 to 2021 (399 events) and its value is 0.54 ± 0.03. A distinct NE-SW trend of b-value is observed where earthquakes with M > 6 occurred towards NE of this trend. The PSI-derived deformation reveals that the central part of the Inner Lesser Himalaya along with the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone is dominated by uplift. The zone between the Munsiari Thrust (MT) and MCT in the central region shows the maximum uplift ranging 5–7 mm/yr which exactly lies above the mid-crustal ramp of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). Our results are well corroborated with available observations of geodetic strain and peak ground acceleration values. However, the deformation patterns and high-velocity rates in the central part of the study area between MT and MCT indicate the accumulation of high stress.</p