コウボキンニオケルカクガイイデンシノセイシツニツイテ

京都大学0048新制・論文博士理学博士乙第926号論理博第200号新制||理||83(附属図書館)1640UT51-51-L199(主査)教授 芦田 譲治, 教授 新家 浪雄, 教授 北村 四郎学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

日本における履行期前拒絶法理の意義と課題についての一考察-英国法との比較を通じて-

早大学位記番号:新8295早稲田大

Chemical property of live and dead leaves of tundra plant species in Oobloyah Valley, Ellesmere Island, high arctic Canada

The chemical property of live and dead leaves was investigated regarding 14 plant species, including shrubs, forbs, graminoids, and mosses. Leaves were collected from a deglaciated terrain in Ellesmere Island, high arctic Canada. The contents of organic chemical components (lignin, total carbohydrates, extractives), carbon, and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) were examined and compared among the species. In general, forbs had high content of nutrients and low content of carbon and organic chemical components; shrubs had high content of carbon and lignin and low content of nutrients; graminoids had high content of total carbohydrates and low content of lignin and nutrients; and mosses had high content of total carbohydrates and markedly low content of nutrients. Principal component analysis showed separation of clusters of shrubs, forbs, graminoids, and mosses. The trend was generally similar between live and dead leaves

Fine-scale family structure shapes influenza transmission risk in households: Insights from primary schools in Matsumoto city, 2014/15.

Households are important settings for the transmission of seasonal influenza. Previous studies found that the per-person risk of within-household transmission decreases with household size. However, more detailed heterogeneities driven by household composition and contact patterns have not been studied. We employed a mathematical model that accounts for infections both from outside and within the household. The model was applied to citywide primary school seasonal influenza surveillance and household surveys from 10,486 students during the 2014/15 season in Matsumoto city, Japan. We compared a range of models to estimate the structure of household transmission and found that familial relationship and household composition strongly influenced the transmission patterns of seasonal influenza in households. Children had a substantially high risk of infection from outside the household (up to 20%) compared with adults (1-3%). Intense transmission was observed within-generation (between children/parents/grandparents) and also between mother and child, with transmission risks typically ranging from 5-20% depending on the transmission route and household composition. Children were identified as the largest source of secondary transmission, with family structure influencing infection risk

Initial recruitment and establishment of vascular plants in relation to topographical variation in microsite conditions on a recently-deglaciated moraine on Ellesmere Island, high arctic Canada

We investigated the effects of topographical positions (moraine ridge, upper side slope and lower side slope) within a recently-deglaciated young moraine on initial recruitment and establishment of vascular plants. Compared with the moraine ridge, the upper slope had similar/higher abundance of vascular plants in terms of percent cover, frequency occurrence, species number, and density/biomass of a dominating species, Salix arctica. Establishment and growth of vascular plants are generally inhibited on unstable habitats; nevertheless, on this newly-formed moraine, every attribute measured for vascular plants implied a higher probability of vascular plant recruitment on the upper slope, where substrate is less stable than on the ridge. Further, the microsite with greater vascular plant abundance, S. arctica density and S. arctica aboveground/leaf biomass accumulated more organic materials regardless of topographical positions, and such an organic accumulation was deepest on the upper slope, suggesting that relatively-successful plant establishment occurs on this site. This is further supported by the S. arctica population structure, which implies a relatively-constant juvenile supply on the upper slope. Along a slope, unstable gravels easily slide down hill. This topographical process may cause large rock size and high surface cover by rocks on the lower slope. On the upper slope, the percent cover by rocks had therefore become smaller, leading to high cover by fine-grained sediments, which retain moisture favorable for germination and growth of vascular plants. This would enhance the emergence of pioneer vascular plant species, probably resulting in higher vascular plant abundance, density and biomass of S. arctica on the upper slope. This study suggests that during primary succession following deglaciation in the high arctic the upper slope of a newly-formed glacier moraine may be an important location for the initial recruitment and establishment of pioneer vascular plant species, such as S. arctica

THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE TRAVERSE AND NON-TRAVERSE MOTION IN WINDING

ArticleJournal of the Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University. Ser. B, Engineering 9: 1-15(1967)departmental bulletin pape

Mechanism of stabilization and magnetization of impurity-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbons

Doping is an efficient way to modify the electronic structure of graphene. Although there have been a considerable number of studies on the electronic structure of impurity-doped graphene, every study has suggested a different interpretation of the appearance of impurity levels of dopants located near the so-called zigzag edge of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). Here, we propose a charge transfer model that satisfactorily explains the change in electronic structure upon N(B) doping of zigzag GNR (ZGNR). The structural stability and electronic structure of the doped ZGNR have been investigated using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. The formation energy of doping increases as a function of the distance between the N(B) atom and the zigzag edge, and two tendencies are observed depending on whether the dopant is an odd or even number of sites away from the zigzag edge. Such peculiar behavior of the formation energy can be successfully explained by charge transfer between the so-called edge state localized at the edge and the 2p-state of the dopant. Such an electron (hole) transfer leads to the compensation (disappearance) of the local spin-magnetic moment at one side of the ZGNR, manifesting in the ferromagnetic ground state of ZGNR