(R)-(-)-carvone and (1R, 4R)-trans-(+)-dihydrocarvone from poiretia latifolia vogel

The essential oils of Poiretia latifolia Vogel, native and cultivated leaves (Samples A and B, respectively) and native flowers (sample C), were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC, GC/MS and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). Twenty-four compounds were identified, representing 99.25, 99.26 and 99.23% of the oils, respectively. The major constituents of the oils were the monoterpenes (S)-(-)-limonene (16.05, 27.60, 15.60%, respectively), (1R, 4R)-trans-(+)-dihydrocarvone (18.05, 0.66 and 77.80%, respectively) and (R)-(-)-carvone (61.05, 64.20 and 4.50%, respectively). The essential oils were evaluated against some strains of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, and yeast, but displayed only modest antimicrobial activity

Absolute configuration of clemateol

The present study reports the determination of absolute stereochemistry of clemateol, an irregular monoterpene containing an epoxy group, which was isolated as the main component from the essential oil of Calea clematidea (Asteraceae). Its absolute stereochemistry was unambiguously established on the basis of detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic evidence (3JH-H analysis, derivatization as Mosher's esters and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOESY) spectrum) and also by resonance scattering effects in the single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) resolution of its (R)-mandelic acid ester derivative.Fil: Pedroso, Marcelo. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Gehn, Adriana Z.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Stivanin, Mateus L.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Larghi, Enrique Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Burrow, Robert A.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Resende, Jackson A. L. C.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Ubiratan F.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Mostardeiro, Marco A.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Dalcol, Ionara I.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Morel, Ademir F.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasi

Seasonal variation, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of achyrocline satureoides (Lam.) D.C.

Seasonal variation of the oil composition and biological activities from aerial parts of Achyrocline satureoides were investigated. Essential oils were analysed by gas crhromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after hydrodestillation. Results exhibited maximum amounts of hydrodistilled essential oils in spring (0.10 %; m/m). The compounds α-pinene (28.5-41.7 %) and (E)-caryophyllene (29.8-38.5 %) were the most abundant component in all seasons. Antimicrobial activity measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied significantly (p < 0.05). It was more significant in autumn (37.9 μg/mL) and winter (38.4 μg/mL) than other seasons against bacterial strains Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC11228. MIC against bacterial strains Bacillus cereus ATCC11778 was 37.9 μg/mL (autumn) and 76.8 μg/mL (winter) and 37.9 μg/mL (autumn) and 76.8 μg/mL (winter) against bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883. The results showed that yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Achyrocline satureoides (Lam) D.C changed according to the plant collection period.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Aeolanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng

The essential oils from leaves (sample A) and flowers (sample B) of Aeolanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC, GC-MS, and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). Six compounds have been identified from the essential oils, representing ca 94.3 and 93% of the oils corresponding to samples A and B, respectively. The major constituents of samples A and B essential oils were respectively, linalool (34.2%/34.9%), (-)-massoialactone (25.9%/17.0%) and (E)-beta-farnesene (25.4%/29.1%). The enantiomeric distribution of the monoterpene linalool was established by analysis on heptakis- (6-O-methyl-2,3-di-O-pentyl)-beta-cyclodextrin capillary column. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from leaves and isolated compounds was also evaluated

Influence of ecological filters on phytoplankton communities in semi-arid solar saltern environments

ObjectiveThis study analyzed the influence of ecological filters (abiotic variables) on the phytoplankton community in hypersaline ecosystems.MethodsThe abiotic variables measured herein were: pH, water temperature, salinity, ammonium ion, total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphorus. The phytoplankton community was studied for density, richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, linear regression and Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).ResultsIn total, 110 taxa were identified in 3 solar salterns, distributed into 9 taxonomic classes, with the predominance of Cyanobacteria (41.8%) and Bacillariophyceae (22.7%). The species Pseudanabaena galeata was the only species sampled in all saline environments. Salinity significantly influenced the richness in the three salterns, Augusto Severo (F(1,22) = 23.2, p <0.001), Francisco Menescal (F(1,22) = 50.02, p <0.001) and Santa Clara (F(1,22) = 66.33, p <0.001). The first two CCA axes explained 41.6% of total data variability, with a negative relationship with soluble reactive phosphorus for axis 2.ConclusionThe study showed the influence of the dynamics of salterns ecosystems on the phytoplankton community structure. This is associated with filters developed by the environment, where the increasing salinity, temperature and precipitation of salts influence the composition of these organisms in the ecosystem