13,464 research outputs found
Harnessing the power of cell transplantation to target respiratory dysfunction following spinal cord injury.
The therapeutic benefit of cell transplantation has been assessed in a host of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including disorders of the spinal cord such as traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The promise of cell transplantation to preserve and/or restore normal function can be aimed at a variety of therapeutic mechanisms, including replacement of lost or damaged CNS cell types, promotion of axonal regeneration or sprouting, neuroprotection, immune response modulation, and delivery of gene products such as neurotrophic factors, amongst other possibilities. Despite significant work in the field of transplantation in models of SCI, limited attention has been directed at harnessing the therapeutic potential of cell grafting for preserving respiratory function after SCI, despite the critical role pulmonary compromise plays in patient outcome in this devastating disease. Here, we will review the limited number of studies that have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of intraspinal transplantation of a variety of cell types for addressing respiratory dysfunction in SCI
Anderson impurity model in nonequilibrium: analytical results versus quantum Monte Carlo data
We analyze the spectral function of the single-impurity two-terminal Anderson
model at finite voltage using the recently developed diagrammatic quantum Monte
Carlo technique as well as perturbation theory. In the
(particle-hole-)symmetric case we find an excellent agreement of the numerical
data with the perturbative results of second order up to interaction strengths
, where is the transparency of the
impurity-electrode interface. The analytical results are obtained in form of
the nonequilibrium self-energy for which we present explicit formulas in the
closed form at arbitrary bias voltage. We observe an increase of the spectral
density around zero energy brought about by the Kondo effect. Our analysis
suggests that a finite applied voltage acts as an effective temperature of
the system. We conclude that at voltages significantly larger than the
equilibrium Kondo temperature there is a complete suppression of the Kondo
effect and no resonance splitting can be observed. We confirm this scenario by
comparison of the numerical data with the perturbative results.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Nominal Unification of Higher Order Expressions with Recursive Let
A sound and complete algorithm for nominal unification of higher-order
expressions with a recursive let is described, and shown to run in
non-deterministic polynomial time. We also explore specializations like nominal
letrec-matching for plain expressions and for DAGs and determine the complexity
of corresponding unification problems.Comment: Pre-proceedings paper presented at the 26th International Symposium
on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR 2016), Edinburgh,
Scotland UK, 6-8 September 2016 (arXiv:1608.02534
Improving the Sensitivity of Advanced LIGO Using Noise Subtraction
This paper presents an adaptable, parallelizable method for subtracting
linearly coupled noise from Advanced LIGO data. We explain the features
developed to ensure that the process is robust enough to handle the variability
present in Advanced LIGO data. In this work, we target subtraction of noise due
to beam jitter, detector calibration lines, and mains power lines. We
demonstrate noise subtraction over the entirety of the second observing run,
resulting in increases in sensitivity comparable to those reported in previous
targeted efforts. Over the course of the second observing run, we see a 30%
increase in Advanced LIGO sensitivity to gravitational waves from a broad range
of compact binary systems. We expect the use of this method to result in a
higher rate of detected gravitational-wave signals in Advanced LIGO data.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
Electronic and atomic shell structure in aluminum nanowires
We report experiments on aluminum nanowires in ultra-high vacuum at room
temperature that reveal a periodic spectrum of exceptionally stable structures.
Two "magic" series of stable structures are observed: At low conductance, the
formation of stable nanowires is governed by electronic shell effects whereas
for larger contacts atomic packing dominates. The crossover between the two
regimes is found to be smooth. A detailed comparison of the experimental
results to a theoretical stability analysis indicates that while the main
features of the observed electron-shell structure are similar to those of
alkali and noble metals, a sequence of extremely stable wires plays a unique
role in Aluminum. This series appears isolated in conductance histograms and
can be attributed to "superdeformed" non-axisymmetric nanowires.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Stability and Symmetry Breaking in Metal Nanowires
A general linear stability analysis of simple metal nanowires is presented
using a continuum approach which correctly accounts for material-specific
surface properties and electronic quantum-size effects. The competition between
surface tension and electron-shell effects leads to a complex landscape of
stable structures as a function of diameter, cross section, and temperature. By
considering arbitrary symmetry-breaking deformations, it is shown that the
cylinder is the only generically stable structure. Nevertheless, a plethora of
structures with broken axial symmetry is found at low conductance values,
including wires with quadrupolar, hexapolar and octupolar cross sections. These
non-integrable shapes are compared to previous results on elliptical cross
sections, and their material-dependent relative stability is discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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