Ergodicity properties of pp -adic (2,1)(2,1)-rational dynamical systems with unique fixed point

We consider a family of $(2,1)$-rational functions given on the set of $p$-adic field $Q_p$. Each such function has a unique fixed point. We study ergodicity properties of the dynamical systems generated by $(2,1)$-rational functions. For each such function we describe all possible invariant spheres. We characterize ergodicity of each $p$-adic dynamical system with respect to Haar measure reduced on each invariant sphere. In particular, we found an invariant spheres on which the dynamical system is ergodic and on all other invariant spheres the dynamical systems are not ergodic

Antibacterial Activity of Culture Extracts of Penicillium chrysogenum PCL501: Effects of Carbon Sources

Penicillium chrysogenum PCL501 produced β-lactam antibiotics when fermented with different agro-wastes: cassava shavings, corncob, sawdust and sugarcane pulp. In vitro antibacterial activity of the culture extracts was tested against four clinical bacterial isolates, namely, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the culture extracts and standard drug (commercial Benzyl Penicillin) inhibited the growth B. subtilis and E. coli; the potency varied with carbon source. Antibacterial activity of extracts from cultures containing cassava shavings and sugarcane pulp was comparable with that of the standard drug. The MIC against the susceptible organisms was 0.20mg/ml for the standard drug and ranged from 0.40 to 1.50mg/ml for the culture extracts. Neither the culture extracts nor the standard drug inhibited K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa; the bacterial strains produced β-lactamase enzymes. Cassava shavings and sugarcane pulp are indicated as suitable cheap carbon sources for the production of antibiotics by Penicillium chrysogenum PCL501

Testing Asset Pricing Models in Emerging Markets: An Examination of Higher Order Co-Moments and Alternative Factor Models

For emerging market returns there is strong evidence that the departure from normality is primarily driven by kurtosis and not skewness. This paper investigates the empirical validity of a return generating process that includes quadratic and cubic market returns as factors of pricing for an emerging market. Following Barone-Adesi et al. (2004) a multivariate test of a three-moment pricing model is developed. The empirical evidence in the market returns support the stylized facts typical for an emerging market and reveal that any return generating process that includes only a quadratic term (coskewness) may be misspecified. However comparison of higher order market return factors with Fama French factors indicates that while risk exposure to these higher order co-moments factors especially cokurtosis is important the co-moments do not possess sufficient explanatory power to render Fama French factor redundant.Higher Order Co-Moments, Asset Pricing, Emerging Markets

Morphological Identification of Malaria Vectors within Anopheles species at Hadejia and Jahun

This study was carried out between May and October, 2011 to morphologically identify Anopheles species in parts of Jigawa State. Using Anopheles characteristics as described by Gilles and Coetzee (1987) using Zeiss light microscope at x 20. A total of 3027 Anopheles were collected and identified. 3027 (78.40%) were collected from Hadejia Local Government Area while 834 (21.60%) were collected from Jahun Local Government Area. Using Anopheles characters of Gilles and Coetzee (1987) under zeiss light microscope, 2605 (67.47%) were Anopheles gambiae s.l., 907 (23.49%) were Anopheles funestus and 349 (09.04%) were Anopheles maculipalpis. Hadejia Local Government Area had the higher number of Anopheles identified. An. gambiae s.l. ranked the highest among other species. Further molecular identification of sub-species complex of An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus is strongly recommended in the area.Keywords: Morphological, malaria, vectors, Anopheles, species

Common Bacterial Isolates From Infected Eyes

The common bacterial isolates and their antibiotics susceptibility were studied in 298 bacterial eye infected cases, consisting of 35 blepharitis, 208 conjunctivitis and 55 keratitis. The results yielded 333 bacterial isolates with the implicated bacteria in decreasing order of frequency as Staphylococcus aureus 80(23.70%), Staphylococcus albus 65(19.20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 34(10.10%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 29(8.60%), Haemophilus influenzae 26(7.70%), Streptococcus pyogene 20(6.20%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 18(6.20%), Escherichia coli 15(4.40%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae 13(3.90%), Streptococcus viridans11(3.50%), Moraxella catarrhalis 10(3.0%), Streptococcus faecalis 5(1.50%), Proteus mirabilis 5(1.50%) and Neisseria meningitides 1(0.30%). Bacteria were isolated most on the eye infections of the conjunctiva 222(66.70%), then the cornea 65(20.10%), and least on the eyelids 44(13.20%). Bacterial isolates varied in the clinical features;

Study on Relative Abundance of Plasmodium species: A case of Patients Attending Jahun General Hospital, Jiagawa, Nigeria.

A study on relative abundance of Plasmodium species was conducted using blood film technique. For a 12 month period, 4037 positive blood films were exaqmined for a particular species of Plasmodium. The result revealed that 3208 (79.46%) were Plasmodium falciparum, 157 (03.89%) were P. ovale and 672 (16.65%) were P. malariae. This showed that P. falciparum was the most abundant and the relative abundance of the species had heightened in July, 2008 due to rain which favours vector survival.Keywords: abundance, plasmodium, relative, thin blood film, malaria control programmes

RAPPORT DE MISE EN APPLICATION DES PROGRAMMES (Juin - Décembre 2002)

Ce rapport se propose de rendre compte de l'exécution des programmes du Centre pour la période allant de juin à décembre 2002

Ogba Philosophy of Human Positive Law

This research work is centered on the concept of human positive law in Ogba Land of Rivers State, Nigeria. The law as promulgated in Ogba traditional society was made to protect the traditional values of the land. They were enacted in accordance to the principles of the deities who are responsible for punishing the offenders of the law. In this wise we unveiled the philosophical ideology behind Ogba traditional system of law. Hence Ogba philosophy of human positive law as pertains to legitimate source; rationality, well promulgated, common good, and conformity to the divine laws were researched on. These salient points were very instrumental to our research on the topic in discourse; hence, our research findings were based on them