5,571 research outputs found
Charged Current Neutrino Nucleus Interactions at Intermediate Energies
We have developed a model to describe the interactions of neutrinos with
nucleons and nuclei, focusing on the region of the quasielastic and Delta(1232)
peaks. We describe neutrino nucleon collisions with a fully relativistic
formalism which incorporates state-of-the-art parametrizations of the form
factors for both the nucleon and the N-Delta transition. The model has then
been extended to finite nuclei, taking into account nuclear effects such as
Fermi motion, Pauli blocking (both within the local density approximation),
nuclear binding and final state interactions. The in-medium modification of the
Delta resonance due to Pauli blocking and collisional broadening have also been
included. Final state interactions are implemented by means of the
Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) coupled-channel transport model. Results for
charged current inclusive cross sections and exclusive channels as pion
production and nucleon knockout are presented and discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 24 figures; v2: 2 figures and discussion added, version
accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Scanning Near Field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) in Reflection or Scanning Optical Tunneling Microscopy (SOTM)
The recent exploitation of near field optics opened a new branch of light microscopy beyond the diffraction limit. With scanning near field optical microscopy a lateral resolution of 20 and 50 nm was obtained in transmission and reflection, respectively. In a novel optical tunneling mode, also the topography of pure phase objects has been imaged at a resolution of 50 nm laterally and 1 nm vertically
Size-dependent fine-structure splitting in self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots
A systematic variation of the exciton fine-structure splitting with quantum
dot size in single InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by metal-organic chemical vapor
deposition is observed. The splitting increases from -80 to as much as 520
eV with quantum dot size. A change of sign is reported for small quantum
dots. Model calculations within the framework of eight-band k.p theory and the
configuration interaction method were performed. Different sources for the
fine-structure splitting are discussed, and piezoelectricity is pinpointed as
the only effect reproducing the observed trend.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Nachbestrahlungsuntersuchungen eines BrennelementbĂŒndels des VAK-Reaktors und Vergelich mit Rechnungen. EUR 4690. = Postirradiation examinations of a fuel bundle of the VAK-reactor and comparison with calculations. EUR 4690.
Gap junctional communication promotes apoptosis in a connexin-type-dependent manner
Gap junctions (GJs) have been described to modulate cell death and survival. It still remains unclear whether this effect requires functional GJ channels or depends on channel-independent effects of connexins (Cx), the constituents of GJs. Therefore, we analysed the apoptotic response to streptonigrin (SN, intrinsic apoptotic pathway) or to α-Fas (extrinsic apoptotic pathway) in HeLa cells expressing Cx43 as compared with empty vector-transfected (CTL) cells. Apoptosis assessed by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining was significantly higher in HeLa-Cx43 compared with HeLa-CTL cells. Moreover, the cleavage of caspase-7 or Parp occurred earlier in HeLa-Cx43 than in HeLa-CTL cells. Comparative analysis of the effect of two further (endothelial) Cx (Cx37 and Cx40) on apoptosis revealed that apoptosis was highest in HeLa-Cx43 and lowest in HeLa-Cx37 cells, and correlated with the GJ permeability (assessed by spreading of a GJ-permeable dye and locally induced Ca(2+) signals). Pharmacologic inhibition of GJ formation in HeLa-Cx43 cells reduced apoptosis significantly. The role of GJ communication was further analysed by the expression of truncated Cx43 proteins with and without channel-forming capacity. Activation of caspases was higher in cells expressing the channel-building part (HeLa-Cx43NT-GFP) than in cells expressing the channel-incompetent C-terminal part of Cx43 (HeLa-Cx43CT-GFP) only. A hemichannel-dependent release and, hence, paracrine effect of proapoptotic signals could be excluded since the addition of a peptide (Pep)-blocking Cx43-dependent hemichannels (but not GJs) did not reduce apoptosis in HeLa-Cx43 cells. Treatment with SN resulted in a significant higher increase of the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration in HeLa-Cx43 and HeLa-Cx43NT-GFP cells compared with HeLa-CTL or HeLa-Cx43CT-GFP cells, suggesting that Ca(2+) or a Ca(2+)-releasing agent could play a signalling role. Blocking of inositol triphosphate receptors reduced the SN-induced Ca(2+) increase as well as the increase in apoptosis. Our observations suggest that Cx43 and Cx40 but not Cx37 promote apoptosis via gap junctional transfer of pro-apoptotic signals between cells
Demonstrating the feasibility of standardized application program interfaces that will allow mobile/portable terminals to receive services combining UMTS and DVB-T
Crucial to the commercial exploitation of any service combining UMTS and DVB-T is the availability of standardized APIâs adapted to the hybrid UMTS and DVB-T network and to the technical limitations of mobile/portable terminals. This paper describes work carried out in the European Commission Framework Program 5 (FP5) project CONFLUENT to demonstrate the feasibility of such Application Program Interfaces (APIâs) by enabling the reception of a Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) based application transmitted over DVB-T on five different terminals with parts of the service running on a mobile phone
Control of fine-structure splitting and excitonic binding energies in selected individual InAs/GaAs quantum dots
A systematic study of the impact of annealing on the electronic properties of
single InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) is presented. Single QD cathodoluminescence
spectra are recorded to trace the evolution of one and the same QD over several
steps of annealing. A substantial reduction of the excitonic fine-structure
splitting upon annealing is observed. In addition, the binding energies of
different excitonic complexes change dramatically. The results are compared to
model calculations within eight-band k.p theory and the configuration
interaction method, suggesting a change of electron and hole wave function
shape and relative position.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Enhanced transmission versus localization of a light pulse by a subwavelength metal slit: Can the pulse have both characteristics?
The existence of resonant enhanced transmission and collimation of light
waves by subwavelength slits in metal films [for example, see T.W. Ebbesen et
al., Nature (London) 391, 667 (1998) and H.J. Lezec et al., Science, 297, 820
(2002)] leads to the basic question: Can a light be enhanced and simultaneously
localized in space and time by a subwavelength slit? To address this question,
the spatial distribution of the energy flux of an ultrashort (femtosecond)
wave-packet diffracted by a subwavelength (nanometer-size) slit was analyzed by
using the conventional approach based on the Neerhoff and Mur solution of
Maxwell's equations. The results show that a light can be enhanced by orders of
magnitude and simultaneously localized in the near-field diffraction zone at
the nm- and fs-scales. Possible applications in nanophotonics are discussed.Comment: 5 figure
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