290 research outputs found
Lattice Spacing Dependence of the First Order Phase Transition for Dynamical Twisted Mass Fermions
Lattice QCD with Wilson fermions generically shows the phenomenon of a first
order phase transition. We study the phase structure of lattice QCD using
Wilson twisted mass fermions and the Wilson plaquette gauge action are used in
a range of beta values where such a first order phase transition is observed.
In particular, we investigate the dependence of the first order phase
transition on the value of the lattice spacing. Using only data in one phase
and neglecting possible problems arising from the phase transition we are able
to perform a first scaling test for physical quantities using this action.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, typo corrected, web-list of authors correcte
Going chiral: overlap versus twisted mass fermions
We compare the behavior of overlap fermions, which are chirally invariant,
and of Wilson twisted mass fermions at full twist in the approach to the chiral
limit. Our quenched simulations reveal that with both formulations of lattice
fermions pion masses of O(250 MeV) can be reached in practical applications.
Our comparison is done at a fixed value of the lattice spacing a=0.123 fm. A
number of quantities are measured such as hadron masses, pseudoscalar decay
constants and quark masses obtained from Ward identities. We also determine the
axial vector renormalization constants in the case of overlap fermions.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figure
Influence of Annealing on the Optical and Scintillation Properties of CaWO Single Crystals
We investigate the influence of oxygen annealing on the room temperature
optical and scintillation properties of CaWO single crystals that are being
produced for direct Dark Matter search experiments. The applied annealing
procedure reduces the absorption coefficient at the peak position of the
scintillation spectrum ( nm) by a factor of and leads to an
even larger reduction of the scattering coefficient. Furthermore, the annealing
has no significant influence on the \emph{intrinsic} light yield. An additional
absorption occurring at nm suggests the formation of O hole
centers. Light-yield measurements at room temperature where one crystal surface
was mechanically roughened showed an increase of the \emph{measured} light
yield by and an improvement of the energy resolution at 59.5 keV by
for the annealed crystal. We ascribe this result to the reduction of
the absorption coefficient while the surface roughening is needed to compensate
for the also observed reduction of the scattering coefficient after annealing
A Systematic Extended Iterative Solution for QCD
An outline is given of an extended perturbative solution of Euclidean QCD
which systematically accounts for a class of nonperturbative effects, while
allowing renormalization by the perturbative counterterms. Proper vertices
Gamma are approximated by a double sequence Gamma[r,p], with r the degree of
rational approximation w.r.t. the QCD mass scale Lambda, nonanalytic in the
coupling g, and p the order of perturbative corrections in g-squared,
calculated from Gamma[r,0] - rather than from the perturbative Feynman rules
Gamma(0)(pert) - as a starting point. The mechanism allowing the
nonperturbative terms to reproduce themselves in the Dyson-Schwinger equations
preserves perturbative renormalizability and is tied to the divergence
structure of the theory. As a result, it restricts the self-consistency problem
for the Gamma[r,0] rigorously - i.e. without decoupling approximations - to the
superficially divergent vertices. An interesting aspect of the scheme is that
rational-function sequences for the propagators allow subsequences describing
short-lived excitations. The method is calculational, in that it allows known
techniques of loop computation to be used while dealing with integrands of
truly nonperturbative content.Comment: 48 pages (figures included). Scope of replacement: correction of a
technical defect; no changes in conten
Topological Lattice Actions
We consider lattice field theories with topological actions, which are
invariant against small deformations of the fields. Some of these actions have
infinite barriers separating different topological sectors. Topological actions
do not have the correct classical continuum limit and they cannot be treated
using perturbation theory, but they still yield the correct quantum continuum
limit. To show this, we present analytic studies of the 1-d O(2) and O(3)
model, as well as Monte Carlo simulations of the 2-d O(3) model using
topological lattice actions. Some topological actions obey and others violate a
lattice Schwarz inequality between the action and the topological charge Q.
Irrespective of this, in the 2-d O(3) model the topological susceptibility
\chi_t = \l/V is logarithmically divergent in the continuum limit.
Still, at non-zero distance the correlator of the topological charge density
has a finite continuum limit which is consistent with analytic predictions. Our
study shows explicitly that some classically important features of an action
are irrelevant for reaching the correct quantum continuum limit.Comment: 38 pages, 12 figure
The architecture of protein synthesis in the developing neocortex at near-atomic resolution reveals Ebp1-mediated neuronal proteostasis at the 60S tunnel exit
Protein synthesis must be finely tuned in the nervous system, as it represents an essential feature of neurodevelopmental gene expression, and dominant pathology in neurological disease. However, the architecture of ribosomal complexes in the developing mammalian brain has not been analyzed at high resolution. This study investigates the architecture of ribosomes ex vivo from the embryonic and perinatal mouse neocortex, revealing Ebp1 as a 60S peptide tunnel exit binding factor at near-atomic resolution by multiparticle cryo-electron microscopy. The impact of Ebp1 on the neuronal proteome was analyzed by pSILAC and BONCAT coupled mass spectrometry, implicating Ebp1 in neurite outgrowth proteostasis, with in vivo embryonic Ebp1 knockdown resulting in dysregulation of neurite outgrowth. Our findings reveal Ebp1 as a central component of neocortical protein synthesis, and the 60S peptide tunnel exit as a focal point of gene expression control in the molecular specification of neuronal morphology
Timed global reorganization of protein synthesis during neocortex neurogenesis at codon resolution
Translation modulates the timing and amplification of gene expression after transcription. Development of the brain’s neocortex requires precisely timed and spatially targeted gene expression, but the relationship between mRNA vs. protein synthesis throughout the genome is unknown. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the reactants, synthesis, and products of mRNA translation spanning mouse neocortex neurogenesis. Ribosome number in the cortical plate decreases sharply at mid-neurogenesis during a transition in neuronal subtype specification, shifting the fundamental kinetics of protein synthesis, with mRNA and protein levels frequently divergent. Satb2, which drives an essential neuronal subtype-specific program, is a highly dynamically translated mRNA with surprisingly broad transcription across diverse neuronal lineages. Satb2 protein achieves its neuronal subtype expression through timed regulation by the RNA-binding protein Pumilio2. Thus, the refinement of transcriptional programs by protein synthesis is a widespread feature of neuronal specification. Developmental neocortex translatome data are provided in an open-source resource: https://shiny.mdc-berlin.de/cortexomics/
Progress in Classical and Quantum Variational Principles
We review the development and practical uses of a generalized Maupertuis
least action principle in classical mechanics, in which the action is varied
under the constraint of fixed mean energy for the trial trajectory. The
original Maupertuis (Euler-Lagrange) principle constrains the energy at every
point along the trajectory. The generalized Maupertuis principle is equivalent
to Hamilton's principle. Reciprocal principles are also derived for both the
generalized Maupertuis and the Hamilton principles. The Reciprocal Maupertuis
Principle is the classical limit of Schr\"{o}dinger's variational principle of
wave mechanics, and is also very useful to solve practical problems in both
classical and semiclassical mechanics, in complete analogy with the quantum
Rayleigh-Ritz method. Classical, semiclassical and quantum variational
calculations are carried out for a number of systems, and the results are
compared. Pedagogical as well as research problems are used as examples, which
include nonconservative as well as relativistic systems
A critical period of translational control during brain development at codon resolution
Translation modulates the timing and amplification of gene expression after transcription. Brain development requires uniquely complex gene expression patterns, but large-scale measurements of translation directly in the prenatal brain are lacking. We measure the reactants, synthesis and products of mRNA translation spanning mouse neocortex neurogenesis, and discover a transient window of dynamic regulation at mid-gestation. Timed translation upregulation of chromatin-binding proteins like Satb2, which is essential for neuronal subtype differentiation, restricts protein expression in neuronal lineages despite broad transcriptional priming in progenitors. In contrast, translation downregulation of ribosomal proteins sharply decreases ribosome biogenesis, coinciding with a major shift in protein synthesis dynamics at mid-gestation. Changing activity of eIF4EBP1, a direct inhibitor of ribosome biogenesis, is concurrent with ribosome downregulation and affects neurogenesis of the Satb2 lineage. Thus, the molecular logic of brain development includes the refinement of transcriptional programs by translation. Modeling of the developmental neocortex translatome is provided as an open-source searchable resource at https://shiny.mdc-berlin.de/cortexomics
- …