Developing Mathematical Learning Device Using Ttw (Think- Talk-Write) Strategy Assisted By Learning Cd To Foster Mathematical Communication

This research aims to produce mathematical learning device or tool using TTW strategy that is valid, practical, and effective. The developed device consists of syllabi, Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), Student Reading which is packaged in CD (BBS), and an evaluation tool. Receiver of treatment or Subjects are the eighth grade students of Muhammadiyah Junior High School in Purworejo. First experiment held in the class A of eighth grade students aimed to determine the legibility of device and the level of difficulty, distinguishing features, and reliability test learning outcomes. Second experiment conducted in class C of eighth grade students aimed to verify the practicality of the device and the effectiveness of learning using developed devices, whereas the class G is as control class. Results from 5 validations of the device are: the mean score of syllabi is 3.48; RPP is 3.79; BBS is 3.73; LKS is 3.73; assessment tool is 3.71 (on scale 1-4). Such results mean that validation criteria of the device is valid. The score of experiment results showed that the criteria of learning process is 3.80; the students’ response is 93.85%; the teacher’s score is 3.91, that means it’s a practical device. Learning using the devices results a classical learning mastery, and achievement test of an experimental class is better than the control class. Furthermore, student’s activity has a positive influence for achievement, so it’s the effective device. Key words: developed device, Think-Talk-Write (TTW), the mathematical learnin

Effective coupling between two Brownian particles

We use the system-plus-reservoir approach to study the dynamics of a system composed of two independent Brownian particles. We present an extension of the well-known model of a bath of oscillators which is capable of inducing an effective coupling between the two particles depending on the choice made for the spectral function of the bath oscillators. The coupling is non-linear in the variables of interest and an exponential dependence on these variables is imposed in order to guarantee the translational invariance of the model if the two particles are not subject to any external potential. The effective equations of motion for the particles are obtained by the Laplace transform method and besides recovering all the local dynamical properties for each particle we end up with an effective interaction potential between them. We explicitly analyze one of its possible forms.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Bioaccumulation Pattern of Cadmium and Lead in the Head Capsule and Body Muscle of Clarias gariepinus [Burchell, 1822] Exposed to Paint Emulsion Effluent

The toxicity of Sub-lethal concentrations of effluents from a paint emulsion industry were investigated on African catfish Clarias gariepinus in order to determine the bioaccumulation pattern of two heavy metals i.e., Lead and Cadmium in the Head capsule and Body muscle using a renewable static bioassay. The trend of bioconcentration of metals in the head capsule and muscle of the test organisms differs significantly (phead capsule. In the muscle, the highest bioaccumulation of lead was 0.4680 mg/L while the least was 0.0660 mg/L. Cadmium bioaccumulation in the head had the highest value to be 2.0424 mg/L while the lowest value was 0.0101 mg/L. In the head capsule on the other hand, the highest accumulation of lead was found to be 0.3918 mg/L while its lowest value was 0.1677 mg/L. The highest value for cadmium in the head capsule was 2.0249 mg/L while its lowest was 0.0058 mg/L. It was revealed in the study that fish can bioaccumulate heavy metals from a polluted environment, which often result in reduction or impairment of natural population size and could be a veritable source of these metals to man. Therefore corrective measures should be taken to avoid pollution of this sort in the environment

BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS EXPOSED TO SUB-LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVES EFFLUENT.

Chemicals such as industrial effluents induces some level of alterations in the naturally occuring chemical composition of aquatic phase which in turn alters the behavioural, biochemistry, and general physiology of aquatic fauna among which is catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Chemical additives effluent was analysed to determine its physicochemical parameters. Part of the result conforms to the Federal Environmental Protection Agencies standard specification for effluent discharge into the aquatic environment while other parameters like TDS, TSS, and Alkalinity deviated from the standard. The fish, Clarias gariepinus was exposed to 0.25mg/L, 0.30mg/L, 0.35mg/L and 0.40mg/L concentrations of the effluent for 96 hours and the LC50 value for the acute toxicity was found to be 0.335223mg/L. The impact of long term exposure to the effluent was also evaluated through changes of selected biochemical parameters using the 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% of the 96-h LC50 value for 42 days.the parameters measured are glucose, total protein, cholesterol, albumin and globulin. All the parameters recorded a significant difference in their values as against the control except cholesterol. The alteration in all parameters was significantly concentration and time dependent and this could be attributed to stress behavioural response as a result of the toxicity of the effluent

Haematological Response of Clarias Gariepinus to Rubber Processing Effluent

Industrialization has led to huge waste generation over the last decades, the absence of adequate facilities for treating such wastes in most developing nations has led to the discharge of effluents into the environment without proper treatment. Toxicological effects of effluents from rubber processing plant (collected during the period of low rivertide i.e. between October 2012 and February 2013) were carried out in this study. Lethal concentration (96-h LC50) was evaluated using 0.25mg/L, 0.30mg/L, 0.35mg/L and 0.40mg/L while sub-lethal effects (42 days) was carried out on haematological parameters like Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) using 0.064mg/L, 0.048mg/L, 0.032mg/L and 0.016mg/L which are the 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% of the 96-h LC50 value. Mortality increased as the concentrations of the effluent increases and 0.32mg/L was obtained as LC50. In comparison with the control, the mean value obtained for PCV, HB and RBC showed significant differences (P<0.05) most especially at highest concentration while there was no significant difference in all values obtained for WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC. It was concluded that the rubber processing effluent had some negative effect on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus. Therefore, it is recommended that the effluent should be properly treated before discharge into the environme

Solid Wastes Generation in Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria: Characterisation and Implication for Sustainable Waste Management

Adequate waste characterisation is a requirement for effective waste management and environmental benign waste disposal system. The objectives of this paper were to estimate the percentage of various components in characterised solid waste materials generated in selected sites in Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. The study was undertaken for 10 weeks through the weighing of solid waste generated in the institution before their delivery to landfills. The study shows that of the average waste generated per day in the institution, food waste exhibited the highest percentage generation at 26.29%, followed by polythene bag at 19.37% then 13.64% plastic bottles, 11.59% metal cans, 10.52% paper, 7.24% plastic food pack, 5.69% other combustible wastes and 5.67% polystyrene food pack. The high composition of non biodegradable wastes from this results bears implication of the requirement of alternative waste management solutions for attaining sustainable and environmental friendly waste management system in the university community