Does the Isotropy of the CMB Imply a Homogeneous Universe? Some Generalised EGS Theorems

We demonstrate that the high isotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), combined with the Copernican principle, is not sufficient to prove homogeneity of the universe -- in contrast to previous results on this subject. The crucial additional factor not included in earlier work is the acceleration of the fundamental observers. We find the complete class of irrotational perfect fluid spacetimes admitting an exactly isotropic radiation field for every fundamental observer and show that are FLRW if and only if the acceleration is zero. While inhomogeneous in general, these spacetimes all possess three-dimensional symmetry groups, from which it follows that they also admit a thermodynamic interpretation. In addition to perfect fluids models we also consider multi-component fluids containing non-interacting radiation, dust and a quintessential scalar field or cosmological constant in which the radiation is isotropic for the geodesic (dust) observers. It is shown that the non-acceleration of the fundamental observers forces these spacetimes to be FLRW. While it is plausible that fundamental observers (galaxies) in the real universe follow geodesics, it is strictly necessary to determine this from local observations for the cosmological principle to be more than an assumption. We discuss how observations may be used to test this.Comment: replaced with final version. Added discusion and ref

Barnase fusion as a tool to determine the crystal structure of the small disulfide-rich protein McoEeTI

Niemann H, Schmoldt HU, Wentzel A, Kolmar H, Heinz DW. Barnase fusion as a tool to determine the crystal structure of the small disulfide-rich protein McoEeTI. J Mol Biol. 2006;356(1):1-8

Indications of nuclear track guided electrons induced by fast heavy ions in insulators

We present experimental evidence for a deceleration of convoy electrons produced by 5 MeV/u ions (N⁷⁺, Ne¹⁰⁺, S¹³⁺, Ni²³⁺, and Ag³⁷⁺) during the interaction with insulator foils at normal incidence. The deceleration first increases with increasing projectile charge, reaches a maximum at a projectile charge of about 16, and seems to approach zero for even higher charges. Different possible mechanisms and quantitative estimates for the slowing down of convoy electrons are presented

Influence of nuclear track potentials in insulators on the emission of target auger electrons

The angle, energy, and fluence dependence of electron emission following the interaction of normally incident 100-MeV Ne⁹⁺ ions with thin polypropylene foils and 170-MeV Ne⁷⁺ projectiles with Mylar foils has been investigated experimentally. Spectra were taken for electron ejection angles of 0°, 45°, and 120° at fluences in the range of 2x10¹³ to 4x10¹⁵ ions/cm². A fluence-dependent carbon KLL Auger energy shift of up to 68 eV was observed. Model calculations for the nuclear track potential are consistent with the experimental findings