Language of Lullabies: The Russification and De-Russification of the Baltic States

This article argues that the laws for promotion of the national languages are a legitimate means for the Baltic states to establish their cultural independence from Russia and the former Soviet Union

Defesa dos direitos humanos: sistemas regionais

O texto discorre sobre a institucionalização dos sistemas de promoção dos Direitos Humanos, ao longo do século XX. Tomando a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, de 1948, como base e ponto de partida, o articulista aborda as três principais vertentes dos sistemas de promoção desses direitos: a européia, a americana e a africana. A evolução de cada uma delas descrita analógica e epistemologicamente, de forma a salientar singularidades sem perder de vista as influências recíprocas ou mesmo as determinantes próprias do contexto espaço-social. Para finalizar, o articulista destaca a importância do Tribunal Penal Internacional no estabelecimento de uma justiça ecumênica. Concomitantemente, alerta para o perigo contido na ameaça de os EUA não o ratificarem.<br>The text underlines the institutional character acquired by the main systems to promote Human Rights in the twentieth century. Taking the Universal Human Rigths Declaration, of 1948, as the basis for analysis, the author brings up three different approaches to promote these rights: the European, the American and the African. The evolution of each of them is described using its procedure as a basic reference. Besides, an analogical analysis, brings to the fore singularities, without ignoring reciprocal influences dictated by particular contexts, though. The author stresses the importance of the International Penal Court, as a means to establish ecumenical justice. At the same time, he reminds the reader of the risks implicit in the possible non-ratification of the IPC by United States