Nonlinear optical properties of a semi-exponential quantum wells: Effect of high-frequency intense laser field

In this present work, the effect of non-resonant, mono-chromatic intense laser field (ILF) on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a semi-exponential quantum well (SEQW) is investigated theoretically within the effective-mass and envelope wave function approach. The bound subband energy levels and their envelope wave functions of the structure are calculated by using the diagonalization method. The optical properties of the system are obtained by using the compact-density matrix approach. The obtained numerical results show that the applied ILF and structure parameters have a significant impact on the optical properties of these structures, such as the linear, third-order nonlinear and total absorption coefficients and relative refractive index changes. Furthermore, from the findings of this study, it has been concluded that the linear and nonlinear optical properties in a SEQW under the ILF can be tuned by changing structure parameters, such as the effective range and depth of the system

Effects of indium and nitrogen mole concentrations on the optical properties in a GaInNas/GaAs quantum well under the intense laser field

The effect of indium and nitrogen mole concentrations on the nonlinear optical properties in a Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y/GaAs single quantum well under the intense laser field is theoretically studied within the effective mass approximation and the envelope function approach. The analytical expressions of optical properties are obtained by using the compact density-matrix approach. The numerical results show that the linear, third-order nonlinear and total absorption and refractive index changes depend both on the intense laser field and on the indium and nitrogen concentrations. From the findings of this study, it has been concluded that the linear and nonlinear optical properties in a Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y/GaAs single quantum well under the intense laser field can be tuned by changing the indium and nitrogen mole fraction. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Criteria sets for primary Sjogren’s syndrome are not adequate for those presenting with extraglandular organ involvements as their dominant clinical features

PubMed ID: 28289872Patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) may go undiagnosed or be misclassified due to the insidious nature and wide spectrum of the disease. The available several classification criteria emphasize glandular findings. We aimed to analyze the efficiency of various classification criteria sets in patients diagnosed on the clinical basis by expert opinion and to compare those pSS patients who fulfilled these criteria with those who did not. This is a multicenter study in which 834 patients from 22 university-based rheumatology clinics are included. Diagnosis of pSS was made on the clinical basis by the expert opinion. In this study, we only interviewed patients once and collected available data from the medical records. The European criteria, American-European Consensus Group (AECG) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Sjogren’s criteria were applied. Majority of the patients were women (F/M was 20/1). The median duration from the first pSS-related symptom to diagnosis was significantly shorter in men (2.5 ± 2.3 vs 4.3 ± 5.9 years) (p = 0 < 0.016). When the European, AECG and ACR Sjogren’s criteria were applied, 666 patients (79.9%) satisfied at least one of them. In total, 539 patients (64.4%) satisfied the European, 439 (52.6%) satisfied the AECG, and 359 (43%) satisfied the ACR criteria. Among the entire group, 250 patients (29.9%) satisfied all and 168 (20.1%) met none of the criteria. The rates of extraglandular organ involvements were not different between patients who met at least one of the criteria sets and those who met none. There is an urgent need for the modification of the pSS criteria sets to prevent exclusion of patients with extraglandular involvements as the dominant clinical features. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg