2,703 research outputs found
AMANDA Observations Constrain the Ultra-High Energy Neutrino Flux
A number of experimental techniques are currently being deployed in an effort
to make the first detection of ultra-high energy cosmic neutrinos. To
accomplish this goal, techniques using radio and acoustic detectors are being
developed, which are optimally designed for studying neutrinos with energies in
the PeV-EeV range and above. Data from the AMANDA experiment, in contrast, has
been used to place limits on the cosmic neutrino flux at less extreme energies
(up to ~10 PeV). In this letter, we show that by adopting a different analysis
strategy, optimized for much higher energy neutrinos, the same AMANDA data can
be used to place a limit competitive with radio techniques at EeV energies. We
also discuss the sensitivity of the IceCube experiment, in various stages of
deployment, to ultra-high energy neutrinos.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
What Can Gamma Ray Bursts Teach Us About Dark Energy?
It has been suggested that Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) may enable the expansion
rate of our Universe to be measured out to very high redshifts (z \gsim 5)
just as type Ia supernovae have done at 1--1.5. We explore this
possibility here, and find that GRB have the potential to detect dark energy at
high statistical significance, but they are unlikely to be competitive with
future supernovae missions, such as SNAP, in measuring the properties of the
dark energy. The exception to this conclusion is if there is appreciable dark
energy at early times, in which case the information from GRB's will provide an
excellent complement to the information from supernovae.Comment: 5 pages, 9 figure
Light Neutralino Dark Matter in the NMSSM
Neutralino dark matter is generally assumed to be relatively heavy, with a
mass near the electroweak scale. This does not necessarily need to be the case,
however. In the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) and other
supersymmetric models with an extended Higgs sector, a very light CP-odd Higgs
boson can naturally arise making it possible for a very light neutralino to
annihilate efficiently enough to avoid being overproduced in the early
Universe.
In this article, we explore the characteristics of a supersymmetric model
needed to include a very light neutralino, 100 MeV < \mcnone < 20 GeV, using
the NMSSM as a prototype. We discuss the most important constraints from
Upsilon decays, , and the magnetic moment
of the muon, and find that a light bino or singlino neutralino is allowed, and
can be generated with the appropriate relic density.
It has previously been shown that the positive detection of dark matter
claimed by the DAMA collaboration can be reconciled with other direct dark
matter experiments such as CDMS II if the dark matter particle is rather light,
between about 6 and 9 GeV. A singlino or bino-like neutralino could easily fall
within this range of masses within the NMSSM. Additionally, models with sub-GeV
neutralinos may be capable of generating the 511 keV gamma-ray emission
observed from the galactic bulge by the INTEGRAL/SPI experiment.
We also point out measurements which can be performed immediately at CLEO,
BaBar and Belle using existing data to discover or significantly constrain this
scenario.Comment: References updated, accepted for publication in PR
Some new results concerning the vacuum in Dirac Hole Theory
In Dirac's hole theory the vacuum state is generally believed to be the state
of minimum energy. It will be shown that this is not, in fact, the case and
that there must exist states in hole theory with less energy than the vacuum
state. It will be shown that energy can be extracted from the hole theory
vacuum state through the application of an electric field.Comment: Accepted by Physica Scripta, 19 page
Constraints on Light Dark Matter From Core-Collapse Supernovae
We show that light ( 1 -- 30 MeV) dark matter particles can play a
significant role in core-collapse supernovae, if they have relatively large
annihilation and scattering cross sections, as compared to neutrinos. We find
that if such particles are lighter than 10 MeV and reproduce the
observed dark matter relic density, supernovae would cool on a much longer time
scale and would emit neutrinos with significantly smaller energies than in the
standard scenario, in disagreement with observations. This constraint may be
avoided, however, in certain situations for which the neutrino--dark matter
scattering cross sections remain comparatively small.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Diagnostic methods of frequency response analysis for power transformer winding a review
Abstract: Monitoring and diagnosis of power transformers in power systems have been investigated and discussed for the past decades. Earlier detect power transformer winding failures is recommended for both manufacturing process and also for power system operators. One of the most powerful and accurate tool for sufficient winding deformation detection is considered Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) among other diagnostic methods. In this paper a review of diagnostic methods of FRA for power transformer winding are presented. Different methods of transformer winding diagnosis, with their benefits and drawbacks where investigated. Moreover, possible windings failures, diagnostic methods of FRA in Off-line and On-line power transformers, detailed advantages and disadvantages of two major types of FRA are presented. The paper was able to show that some uncertainties have not been eliminated completely
Lateral diffusion of a protein on a fluctuating membrane
Measurements of lateral diffusion of proteins in a membrane typically assume
that the movement of the protein occurs in a flat plane. Real membranes,
however, are subject to thermal fluctuations, leading to movement of an
inclusion into the third dimension. We calculate the magnitude of this effect
by projecting real three-dimensional diffusion onto an effective one on a flat
plane. We consider both a protein that is free to diffuse in the membrane and
one that also couples to the local curvature. For a freely diffusing inclusion
the measured projected diffusion constant is up to 15% smaller than the actual
value. Coupling to the curvature enhances diffusion significantly up to a
factor of two.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Potensi Abu Sekam Padi untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Oksidatif Non-enzimatik dan Produksi Padi Merah pada Cekaman Kekeringan
Drought inhibits several physiological process and induces oxidative stress due to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly in photosynthetic apparatus. Silicon (Si) is known to increase tolerance of rice against drought stress. However, long period of intensive crop cultivation depleted the available soil Si by approximately 11-20%. Rice husk ash (RHA) is potential Si source. The objective of this research was to analyze the potency of RHA through pot experiment to observe: 1) internal water balanced; 2) integrity of cell membrane and antioxidant content; and 3) production of tolerant cultivar ‘Segreng' and sensitive one ‘Cempo merah'. Application of RHA was at level of 0, 4, and 8 tons ha-1. Drought stress was imposed by with holding water until soil water content reached 50% of field capacity (moderate stress) and 25% of field capacity (severe stress). Application of RHA significantly increased leaf relative water content and membrane stability index of rice ‘Segreng' and ‘Cempo merah'. Tolerant cultivar ‘Segreng' had better response than ‘Cempo merah' as shown by greater leaf relative water content under moderate and severe stress. RHA application at level of 8 tons ha-1 increased index of membrane stability and level of antioxidant (AAred and α-tocopherol) which determine production of both rice ‘Segreng' and ‘Cempo merah' during drought
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