THE EVALUATION OF HIGH SCHOOL 12TH GRADE STUDENTS’ OPINIONS ABOUT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES

The present study is conducted to identify 12th grade high school students’ opinions about the effectiveness of physical education classes. In the study, the interview method of qualitative research method is used. In order to obtain data of the study, open-ended questions that are designed to evaluate students' views and suggestions are used. These questions are following: (1) How do you find the teaching of the lesson, (2) What are the achievements of the course, (3) What are popular and unpopular aspects of the lessons, (4) How do you relate these classes with other courses, (5) What are your recommendations in terms of how to do the class. The research group was formed with 50 students who are studying in the 12th grade in official high schools depending on Gaziantep Directorate of National Education. Content analysis is applied to the data obtained from student’s opinions. Consequently, considering high school 12th grade students’ opinions about physical education classes, it can be said that physical education classes are effective and efficient. It is identified that students think physical education classes are important as they contribute to the development of physical, psychological and social aspects of human beings. However, the number of class hours and environmental conditions are not sufficient enough so this affects the effectiveness of the classes negatively.  Article visualizations

Exploring allosteric coupling in the α-subunit of Heterotrimeric G proteins using evolutionary and ensemble-based approaches

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Allosteric coupling, which can be defined as propagation of a perturbation at one region of the protein molecule (such as ligand binding) to distant sites in the same molecule, constitutes the most general mechanism of regulation of protein function. However, unlike molecular details of ligand binding, structural elements involved in allosteric effects are difficult to diagnose. Here, we identified allosteric linkages in the α-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, which were evolved to transmit membrane receptor signals by allosteric mechanisms, by using two different approaches that utilize fundamentally different and independent information.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We analyzed: 1) correlated mutations in the family of G protein α-subunits, and 2) cooperativity of the native state ensemble of the Gαi1 or transducin. The combination of these approaches not only recovered already-known details such as the switch regions that change conformation upon nucleotide exchange, and those regions that are involved in receptor, effector or Gβγ interactions (indicating that the predictions of the analyses can be viewed with a measure of confidence), but also predicted new sites that are potentially involved in allosteric communication in the Gα protein. A summary of the new sites found in the present analysis, which were not apparent in crystallographic data, is given along with known functional and structural information. Implications of the results are discussed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A set of residues and/or structural elements that are potentially involved in allosteric communication in Gα is presented. This information can be used as a guide to structural, spectroscopic, mutational, and theoretical studies on the allosteric network in Gα proteins, which will provide a better understanding of G protein-mediated signal transduction.</p

Clinical and demographic characteristics of 165 patients with lichen planus

Objective: Lichen planus (LP), is a papulosquamous inflammatory disease, which involves the skin, mucous membranes, nails and scalp. The incidence varies according to geographical regions. In this study, it was aimed to detect the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients with LP who have been under follow-up at our clinic. Methods: One hundred sixty five patients, who were diagnosed as LP in our clinic between 2010 and 2013, were enrolled to the study. The age, gender, disease duration, time of onset of disease, characteristics of involvement, associated systemic diseases, laboratory findings and treatment were recorded retrospectively. Results: In our study, 0.6% of all patients admitted to our clinic were diagnosed as LP. A total of 165 patients included in the study, 92 women (56%) and 73 men (44%), respectively. Patients’ ages ranged 8-78 (mean 44.7±16.7). Disease duration ranged from 1 month to 20 years (mean 15.6±29.7). One hundred thirty four patients (81.2%) had skin involvement, 51 (31%) had oral mucosal involvement, and 15 (9%) had genital involvement. Five (4.5%) of 111 patients with viral hepatitis tests were positive for hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis B virus positivity was seen in 4 (4%) patients. Conclusion: There is a need for further studies with more patients to better understand the epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of LP. We believe that our study will contribute to the determination of our country’s data

Regio- and stereo-chemical ring-opening reactions of the 2,3-epoxy alcohol derivative with nucleophiles: Explanation of the structures and C-2 selectivity supported by theoretical computations

The ring-opening reactions of (1aS,2S,6bR)-5-ethyl-2-hydroxyhexahydro-4H-oxireno[2,3-e]isoindole-4,6(5H)-dione were investigated under very mild and nonchelated conditions. C-2 selective ring-opening products were obtained with nucleophilic additions such as Cl-, Br- and N-3(-). The exact configuration of (3aS,4R,5R,6S,7aS)-5-chloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxyhexahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione was determined by X-Ray diffraction analysis which was obtained from the reaction of epoxy alcohol with HCl . On the other hand, theoretical computations were carried out to explain the regioselectivity in the ring opening reaction of epoxy alcohols. The results showed that the ring-opening reaction of both epoxy alcohols proceeds in a kinetically controlled manner and regioselectivity occurs depending on the transition state. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V

Investigation of atypical agents in respiratory tract infections

Bu prospektif çalışmada, yaklaşık 1 yıllık bir sürede (Ocak 1999-Mayıs 2000) solunum yolu infeksiyonlarının etyolojik tanısı için 7 viral ve 3 atipik bakteriye ait antijenler immünfloresan yöntemle araştırılmıştır. Solunum yolu infeksiyonu semptomu olan pediatrik (grup l, 76 olgu) ve erişkin (grup II, 135 olgu) yaş grubundaki hastalarda, solunum yolu sekresyonları elde edilmiştir. Etyolojik tanı; pediatrik olgularda %45.4, erişkin olgularda ise %67.3 oranında konulmuştur. Grup l ve grup ll'de sırasıyla; Chlamydia pneumoniae %17.8, %13.3; Mycoplasma pneumoniae %0, %9.6; influenza A virüsü %3.9, %16.3; adenovirüs %3.9, %14.8; parainfluenza virüs tip 1 %5.3, %7.4; respiratuar sinsityal virüs %9.2, %1.5; parainfluenza virüs tip 2 %3.9, %3.0 ve influenza B virüs %1.3, %1.5 oranlarında tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların %2.6 ve %3.9'unda birden fazla etken bulunurken, parainfluenza virüs tip 3 ile Legionella pneumophila'ya ait antijen tespit edilmemiştir. Kullanılan immünfloresan yöntemin etyolojik tanıya katkısı ve sonuçların rasyonel antibiyotik kullanımına etkisi tartışılmıştır.In this prospective study, 7 viral and 3 atypical bacteria antigens were investigated by immunofluorescence method during January 1999-May 2000 for the etiological diagnossis of respiratory tract infections. Respiratory tract secretions were obtained from children (group I, 76 cases) and adults (group II, 135 cases) who had symptoms of respiratory tract infections. Etiological diagnosis was reported as 45.4% in pediatric cases and 67.3% in adults. In group I and group II; the rates of Chlamydia pneumoniae was 17.8%, 13.3%; Mycoplasma pneumoniae 0%, 9.6%; influenza A virus 3.9%, 16.3%; adenovirus 3.9%, 14.8%; parainfluenza virus type 1 5.3%, 7.4%; respiratory syncytial virus 9.2%, 1.5%; parainfluenza virus type 2 3.9%, 3.0%; and influenza B virus 1.3%, 1.5% respectively. In 2.6% and 3.9% of the patients in two groups two or more etiological agents were identified. Parainfluenza virus type 3 and Legionella pneumophila antigens could not be determined in any of the patients. The advantage of immunofluorescence method for the etiological diagnosis and the effect of results to the rational antibiotic use were discussed

Investigation of atypical agents in respiratory tract infections

Bu prospektif çalışmada, yaklaşık 1 yıllık bir sürede (Ocak 1999-Mayıs 2000) solunum yolu infeksiyonlarının etyolojik tanısı için 7 viral ve 3 atipik bakteriye ait antijenler immünfloresan yöntemle araştırılmıştır. Solunum yolu infeksiyonu semptomu olan pediatrik (grup l, 76 olgu) ve erişkin (grup II, 135 olgu) yaş grubundaki hastalarda, solunum yolu sekresyonları elde edilmiştir. Etyolojik tanı; pediatrik olgularda %45.4, erişkin olgularda ise %67.3 oranında konulmuştur. Grup l ve grup ll'de sırasıyla; Chlamydia pneumoniae %17.8, %13.3; Mycoplasma pneumoniae %0, %9.6; influenza A virüsü %3.9, %16.3; adenovirüs %3.9, %14.8; parainfluenza virüs tip 1 %5.3, %7.4; respiratuar sinsityal virüs %9.2, %1.5; parainfluenza virüs tip 2 %3.9, %3.0 ve influenza B virüs %1.3, %1.5 oranlarında tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların %2.6 ve %3.9'unda birden fazla etken bulunurken, parainfluenza virüs tip 3 ile Legionella pneumophila'ya ait antijen tespit edilmemiştir. Kullanılan immünfloresan yöntemin etyolojik tanıya katkısı ve sonuçların rasyonel antibiyotik kullanımına etkisi tartışılmıştır.In this prospective study, 7 viral and 3 atypical bacteria antigens were investigated by immunofluorescence method during January 1999-May 2000 for the etiological diagnossis of respiratory tract infections. Respiratory tract secretions were obtained from children (group I, 76 cases) and adults (group II, 135 cases) who had symptoms of respiratory tract infections. Etiological diagnosis was reported as 45.4% in pediatric cases and 67.3% in adults. In group I and group II; the rates of Chlamydia pneumoniae was 17.8%, 13.3%; Mycoplasma pneumoniae 0%, 9.6%; influenza A virus 3.9%, 16.3%; adenovirus 3.9%, 14.8%; parainfluenza virus type 1 5.3%, 7.4%; respiratory syncytial virus 9.2%, 1.5%; parainfluenza virus type 2 3.9%, 3.0%; and influenza B virus 1.3%, 1.5% respectively. In 2.6% and 3.9% of the patients in two groups two or more etiological agents were identified. Parainfluenza virus type 3 and Legionella pneumophila antigens could not be determined in any of the patients. The advantage of immunofluorescence method for the etiological diagnosis and the effect of results to the rational antibiotic use were discussed

VERİ MADENCİLİĞİ SÜRECİ KULLANILARAK GÜNEŞ IŞINIMININ TAHMİNİ

Yeryüzünde yatay bir düzlem üzerine gelen güneş ışınımının şiddeti, güneşin mevsimlere ve saate göre değişen konumuyla değişiklik göstermektedir. Güneş ışınımının dünya üzerinde, su sıcaklığının yükselmesi ve doğal olaylar için enerji sağlanması gibi etki alanları bulunmaktadır. Güneş enerjisinden mümkün olduğunca fayda sağlayabilmek ve zararlarından sakınabilmek için güneş ışınımı üzerinde yapılan çalışmaların önemi giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2009–2010 yıllarına ait veriler kullanılarak veri madenciliği süreci yardımı ile güneş ışınımı modellenmiştir. Ölçülen değerler ile model sonuçları kıyaslandığında Multilayer Perceptron algoritması ile kurulan üç girdili (P-Ta-Rh) modelin en uygun sonucu verdiği görülmüştür

Comparison of two pandemics: H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the clinical, epidemiological, and prognostic features of the H1N1 pandemic in 2009 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic in 2020. METHODS: This retrospective study involved subjects from seven centers that were admitted and found to be positive for H1N1 or COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction test. RESULTS: A total of 143 patients with H1N1 and 309 patients with COVID-19 were involved in the study. H1N1 patients were younger than COVID-19 ones. While 58.7% of H1N1 patients were female, 57.9% of COVID-19 patients were male. Complaints of fever, cough, sputum, sore throat, myalgia, weakness, headache, and shortness of breath in H1N1 patients were statistically higher than in COVID-19 ones. The duration of symptoms until H1N1 patients were admitted to the hospital was shorter than that for COVID-19 patients. Leukopenia was more common in COVID-19 patients. C-reactive protein levels were higher in COVID-19 patients, while lactate dehydrogenase levels were higher in H1N1 ones. The mortality rate was also higher in H1N1 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic is a major public health problem that continues to affect the world with its high rate of contagion. In addition, no vaccines or a specific drug for the benefit of millions of people have been found yet. The H1N1 pandemic is an epidemic that affected the whole world about ten years ago and was prevented by the development of vaccines at a short period. Experience in the H1N1 pandemic may be the guide to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic from a worse end

Naiv hepatit C enfeksiyonlu hastaların on-altı yıllık prognozu

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical course of treatment-naive patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who were followed up in various centers in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study performed with the participation of 15 centers. Patients aged 18 years and older with HCV infection were included. Results: A total of 391 treatment-naive patients infected with HCV were included in this study. During the follow-up period, the final values of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and total protein were significantly decreased when compared to the initial values (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.005, respectively). In the study group, 19.2% of the patients underwent liver biopsy and 4.1% underwent transient elastography (FibroScan). An increased histological activity index (HAI) score and fibrosis in the second biopsy were observed in one patient, only increased HAI in two patients and increased fibrosis in one patient, as shown on the FibroScan. In the 16 years of the study period, cirrhosis was radiologically detected in only one patient. Conclusion: Even if rapid progression is not observed, close monitoring of the clinical findings related to liver failure and fibrosis with invasive or non-invasive methods may be useful.Amaç: Bu çalışmada ülkemizin çeşitli merkezlerinde takip edilen naiv hepatit C virüs (HCV) ile enfekte hastaların klinik seyrini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma retrospektif olarak 15 merkezin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 18 yaş üstü, HCV enfeksiyonu olan hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada 391 tedavi-naiv HCV enfeksiyonlu hasta yer almıştır. Hastaların takip süresinde son alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase ve total protein değerleri ilk düzeyine göre önemli düzeyde azalmıştır (sırasıyla p<0,001, p<0,001, p=0,005). Çalışma grubunda hastaların %19,2’sine karaciğer biyopsisi, %4,1’ine elastografi (FibroScan) uygulanmıştır. Takip esnasında bir hastada ikinci biyopside histolojik aktivite indeksi (HAI) ve fibroziste artma, iki hastada sadece HAI’da artma, birinde FibroScan ile fibrozis değerinde artma olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bir hastada 16 yıl içinde radyolojik olarak siroz saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Hızlı progresyon gözlenmemekle birlikte hastaların izleminde karaciğer yetmezliği ile ilgili klinik bulguların ve invaziv veya noninvaziv yöntemlerle fibrozisin yakın takibi yararlı olabilir

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels &gt;2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168