Intestinal obstruction in case of internal hernia through congenital defect in falciform ligament in adult

Small bowel obstruction due to internal herniation of ileum through congenital defect in falciform ligament is exceedingly rare, about 0.2% such cases of hernia through congenital defect in falciform ligament have been reported. The case presentation of 60 year old male patient present in surgery department with acute abdominal pain since 7 days. Based on clinical assessment and radiological evidence, intestinal obstruction was diagnosed. For which patient underwent exploratory laprotomy. The discussion of Intraoperative a loop ileum was found obstructed in congenital defect in falciform ligament. Obstruction was relieved by division of leaf of defect, without the need of intestinal resection

HIVsirDB: A Database of HIV Inhibiting siRNAs

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for millions of deaths every year. The current treatment involves the use of multiple antiretroviral agents that may harm patients due to their toxic nature. RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent candidate for the future treatment of HIV, uses short interfering RNA (siRNA/shRNA) for silencing HIV genes. In this study, attempts have been made to create a database HIVsirDB of siRNAs responsible for silencing HIV genes.HIVsirDB is a manually curated database of HIV inhibiting siRNAs that provides comprehensive information about each siRNA or shRNA. Information was collected and compiled from literature and public resources. This database contains around 750 siRNAs that includes 75 partially complementary siRNAs differing by one or more bases with the target sites and over 100 escape mutant sequences. HIVsirDB structure contains sixteen fields including siRNA sequence, HIV strain, targeted genome region, efficacy and conservation of target sequences. In order to facilitate user, many tools have been integrated in this database that includes; i) siRNAmap for mapping siRNAs on target sequence, ii) HIVsirblast for BLAST search against database, iii) siRNAalign for aligning siRNAs.

In vitro evaluation of Transdermal Patch of Palonosetron for Antiemetic Therapy

Skin is one of the routes for systemic delivery of drugs through various drug delivery system. A transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is one of the most reliable and useful system to deliver drug systemically through skin. Generally medicated patch is placed on skin for delivery of medication through it into the blood stream. The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate Palonosetron transdermal patch in vitro that could be used for antiemetic therapy. The incorporation ofPalonosetron a serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist drug was envisaged. The TDDS was prepared by solvent evaporation technique and was evaluated for organoleptic characteristics and other physicochemical properties Thickness, Weight variation, Drug content uniformity, Tensile strength, % Elongation, Folding endurance & Moisture content. The in vitro permeation study of the patch was carried out through KesaryChein diffusion cell as barrier membrane. Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 was used as dissolution medium and the temperature was maintained at 37 ± 10C. The in vitro permeation study of the prepared patch indicated a time dependent increase in drug release throughout the study. The percentage of cumulative drug release was found to be 76.25% in 24 hours.The study shows a new approach to work in with Palonosetron

PhytoAFP: In Silico Approaches for Designing Plant-Derived Antifungal Peptides

Emerging infectious diseases (EID) are serious problems caused by fungi in humans and plant species. They are a severe threat to food security worldwide. In our current work, we have developed a support vector machine (SVM)-based model that attempts to design and predict therapeutic plant-derived antifungal peptides (PhytoAFP). The residue composition analysis shows the preference of C, G, K, R, and S amino acids. Position preference analysis shows that residues G, K, R, and A dominate the N-terminal. Similarly, residues N, S, C, and G prefer the C-terminal. Motif analysis reveals the presence of motifs like NYVF, NYVFP, YVFP, NYVFPA, and VFPA. We have developed two models using various input functions such as mono-, di-, and tripeptide composition, as well as binary, hybrid, and physiochemical properties, based on methods that are applied to the main data set. The TPC-based monopeptide composition model achieved more accuracy, 94.4%, with a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.89. Correspondingly, the second-best model based on dipeptides achieved an accuracy of 94.28% under the MCC 0.89 of the training dataset

Co-Expression of DevR and DevRN-Aph Proteins Is Associated with Hypoxic Adaptation Defect and Virulence Attenuation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: The DevR response regulator is implicated in both hypoxic adaptation and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). DevR regulon genes are powerfully induced in vivo implicating them in bacterial adaptation to host control strategies. A better understanding of DevR function will illumine the way for new strategies to control and treat tuberculosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Towards this objective, we used a combination of genetic, microbiological, biochemical, cell biological tools and a guinea pig virulence assay to compare the hypoxic adaptation and virulence properties of two novel M. tb strains, namely, a devR disruption mutant, Mut1, that expresses C-terminal truncated N-terminal domain of DevR (DevR(NTD)) as a fusion protein with AphI (DevR(N)-Kan), and its complemented strain, Comp1, that expresses intact DevR along with DevR(N)-Kan. Comp1 bacteria exhibit a defect in DevR-mediated phosphosignalling, hypoxic induction of HspX and also hypoxic survival. In addition, we find that Comp1 is attenuated in virulence in guinea pigs and shows decreased infectivity of THP-1 cells. While Mut1 bacilli are also defective in hypoxic adaptation and early growth in spleen, they exhibit an overall virulence comparable to that of wild-type bacteria. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The hypoxic defect of Comp1 is associated to a defect in DevR expression level. The demonstrated repression of DevR function by DevR(N)-Kan suggests that such a knockdown approach could be useful for evaluating the activity of DevRS and other two-component signaling pathways. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the mechanism underlying Comp1 attenuation

Appropriate DevR (DosR)-Mediated Signaling Determines Transcriptional Response, Hypoxic Viability and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Background: The DevR(DosR) regulon is implicated in hypoxic adaptation and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The present study was designed to decipher the impact of perturbation in DevR-mediated signaling on these properties. Methodology/Principal Findings: M. tb complemented (Comp) strains expressing different levels of DevR were constructed in Mut1 * background (expressing DevR N-terminal domain in fusion with AphI (DevRN-Kan) and in Mut2DdevR background (deletion mutant). They were compared for their hypoxia adaptation and virulence properties. Diverse phenotypes were noted; basal level expression (,5.362.3 mM) when induced to levels equivalent to WT levels (,25.869.3 mM) was associated with robust DevR regulon induction and hypoxic adaptation (Comp 9 * and 10*), whereas low-level expression (detectable at transcript level) as in Comp 11 * and Comp15 was associated with an adaptation defect. Intermediate-level expression (,3.361.2 mM) partially restored hypoxic adaptation functions in Comp2, but not in Comp1 * bacteria that coexpressed DevRN-Kan. Comp * strains in Mut1 * background also exhibited diverse virulence phenotypes; high/very low-level DevR expression was associated with virulence whereas intermediate-level expression was associated with low virulence. Transcription profiling and gene expression analysis revealed up-regulation of the phosphate starvation response (PSR) in Mut1 * and Comp11 * bacteria, but not in WT/Mut2DdevR/other Comp strains, indicating a plasticity in expression pathways that is determined by the magnitude of signaling perturbation through DevRN-Kan

How Investors’ Financial Well-being Influences Enterprises and Individual’s Psychological Fitness? Moderating Role of Experience under Uncertainty

The study aims to investigate the role of financial well-being of the investor on psychological fitness of clients and organizations in the emerging financial markets of India. A survey was conducted during the pandemic in Indian financial markets wherein most of people’s financial situation was extremely poor and uncertain. During the COVID-19 pandemic, retail investors who availed themselves of financial products and services from leading brokerage houses of India were investigated. The study was conducted on 290 retail investors of Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR) and the financial hub of Mumbai. The participants were approached using the purposive sampling method. The study further examined moderating effects of pleasant and unpleasant experience of investors during difficult times. The study applied partial least square multi-group analysis (PLS–MGA) for measuring invariance for pleasant and unpleasant scenarios of investors in the Indian context. The findings suggested that consumers’ well-being enhances individual satisfaction at higher enterprise levels, it also motivates individuals to manage their finances to deal with uncertain times. Additionally, the control variables of age and gender were used to measure pleasant and unpleasant experiences of investors from the base of their satisfaction level. The results suggest that during difficult times in financial markets, females exhibited higher unpleasant experiences than male investors. Further, consumers’ well-being was primarily driven by older investors with pleasant experiences during the pandemic. The present study offers an interdisciplinary approach towards measuring consumers’ psychology in the domain of behavioral finance

BIANCHI TYPE I STRING COSMOLOGICAL MODEL IN CYLINDRICALLY SYMMETRIC INHOMOGENEOUS UNIVERSE

Cylindrically Symmetric Inhomogeneous Bianchi Type I String Cosmological Model is investigated. To get thedeterministic solution, we assume the conditionA = B where B = f(x) g(t) and C = h(x) k(t)on metric potentials. In general the model represents expanding, shearing and non rotating universe. The physical andgeometric aspects of the model are also discussed