THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING THE DIALECTICAL THINKING CAPACITY OF STUDENTS AT THE MILITARY SCIENCE ACADEMY IN VIETNAM

Materialistic dialectical thinking is a type of thinking that develops at the highest level of thinking, plays an important role in the process of world perception and human practical activities. In this article, the author focuses on analyzing the importance of developing the dialectical thinking capacity of students at the Military Science Academy in Vietnam in developing the ability to acquire and store Marxism-Leninism scientific knowledge, whose core is the materialistic dialectics, applying worldview, materialistic dialectical methodology in learning, training and scientific research; the capacity to think logically, synthesize existing knowledge, create new knowledge, the capacity to summarize the practice in learning, training and scientific research. Article visualizations

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to methanol

An efficient method to convert CO2 to fuels using renewable energy could displace crude oil without increasing CO2 emission and provide high-density energy storage reservoirs similar to liquid fuels or batteries. Although photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2 is possible, solar-to-fuel efficiencies are lower than the combination of conventional photovoltaics (up to 40% efficiency) and electrochemical cells (up to 80% Faradaic efficiency). In the electrochemical case, electrical energy from renewable sources may be converted to hydrocarbons or alcohols using electrocatalysts. The direct reduction of CO2 to CH3OH is known to occur at several types of electrocatalysts including oxidized Cu electrodes. In this thesis, we first examine the yield behavior of an electrodeposited cuprous oxide thin film and explore relationships between surface chemistry and reaction behavior relative to air-oxidized and anodized Cu electrodes. CH3OH yields and Faradaic efficiencies observed at cuprous oxide electrodes are remarkably higher than air-oxidized or anodized Cu electrodes suggesting Cu(I) species may play a critical role in selectivity to CH3OH. Experimental results also show CH3OH yields are dynamic and the copper oxides are reduced to metallic Cu in a simultaneous process. In order to improve CH3OH activity and electrode surface’s stability, single crystal ZnO (10-10) is considered as a support since ZnO support are well known for methanol synthesis in an industrial hydrogenation reaction scale. Although experimental conditions pose challenging barriers to repeatability, Infrared Spectroscopy and yields suggest the oxide may provide stable surfaces with selectivity to CH3OH. Yield behavior is discussed in comparison with photoelectrochemical and hydrogenation reactions where the improved stability of Cu(I) species may allow relatively constant CH3OH generation

MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM SINH HỌC SINH SẢN CỦA LOÀI MÓNG TAY SOLEN THACHI COSEL, 2002 Ở ĐẦM THUỶ TRIỀU, KHÁNH HOÀ

Razor clam Solen thachi Cosel, 2002 is one of the high valuable species distributed at Thuy Trieu lagoon, Khanh Hoa. The aim of this paper was to examine some reproductive biology characteristics of razor clam. Samples of razor clam were collected monthly with a total of 822 inds. at Thuy Trieu lagoon and analysed at the laboratory of the Institute of Oceanography. Results of analysis showed that sex ratio was about 1:1. Spawning season was mainly between December and March of the following year, with the peak in December. The absolute fecundity was 1,048,893 ± 608,964 eggs per individual, while the relative fecundity was 146,349 ± 95,666 eggs/gram of body weight. Length of the first maturity was recorded at 69.6 mm of shell length. This paper provided baseline data for management and sustainable exploitation of marine living resources.Bài viết trình bày một số kết quả nghiên cứu đặc điểm sinh học sinh sản của loài móng tay Solen thachi Cosel, 2002 là loài có giá trị kinh tế ở đầm Thủy Triều, góp phần cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho việc quản lý khai thác loài móng tay một cách hiệu quả và bền vững. Mẫu vật được thu hàng tháng trong chu kỳ 1 năm với tổng số mẫu là 822 cá thể. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy móng tay là loài phân tính, không phân biệt đực cái bằng mắt thường, tỷ lệ đực cái xấp xỉ 1:1. Tuyến sinh dục phát triển theo bốn giai đoạn. Mùa vụ sinh sản kéo dài từ tháng 12 đến tháng 3 năm sau, đỉnh cao vào tháng 12. Sức sinh sản tuyệt đối trung bình của móng tay là 1.048.893 ± 608.964 trứng/cá thể và sức sinh sản tương đối trung bình là 146.349 ± 95.666 trứng/gram khối lượng. Kích thước thành thục lần đầu 69,6 mm. Bài viết góp phần cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho việc quản lý khai thác loài móng tay một cách hiệu quả và bền vững

Performance Analysis of Hybrid ALOHA/CDMA RFID Systems with Quasi-decorrelating Detector in Noisy Channels

In this paper we investigate the performance of a hybrid Aloha/CDMA radio frequency identification (RFID) system with quasi-decorrelating detector (QDD). Motivated by the fact that the QDD outperforms the conventional decorrelating detector (DD) in noisy network scenarios, we study and propose using QDD as one of the most promising candidates for the structure of RFID readers. Performance analysis in terms of bit error rate and the RFID system efficiency is considered considering CDMA code collision and detection error. Computer simulations are also performed, and the obtained results of QDD-based structure are compared with those of DD-based one to confirm the correctness of the design suggestion in different practical applications of tag identification and missing-tag detection

Evaluation of the Sustainability of an Intervention to Increase HIV Testing

BACKGROUND Sustainability—the routinization and institutionalization of processes that improve the quality of healthcare—is difficult to achieve and not often studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sustainability of increased rates of HIV testing after implementation of a multi-component intervention in two Veterans Health Administration healthcare systems. DESIGN Quasi-experimental implementation study in which the effect of transferring responsibility to conduct the provider education component of the intervention from research to operational staff was assessed. PATIENTS Persons receiving healthcare between 2005 and 2006 (intervention year) and 2006 and 2007 (sustainability year). MEASUREMENTS Monthly HIV testing rate, stratified by frequency of clinic visits RESULTS The monthly adjusted testing rate increased from 2% at baseline to 6% at the end intervention year and then declined reaching 4% at the end of the sustainability year. However, the stratified, visit-specific testing rate for persons newly exposed to the intervention (i.e., having their first through third visits during the study period) increased throughout the intervention and sustainability years. Increases in the proportion of visits by patients who remained untested despite multiple, prior exposures to the intervention accounted for the aggregate attenuation of testing during the sustainability year. Overall, the percentage of patients who received an HIV test in the sustainability year was 11.6%, in the intervention year 11.1%, and in the pre-intervention year 5.0% CONCLUSIONS Provider education combined with informatics and organizational support had a sustainable effect on HIV testing rates. The effect was most pronounced during patients' early contacts with the healthcare system.Health Services Research & Development Service (SDP 06–001

A propensity score matching analysis of the relationship between forest resources and household welfare in Vietnam

Using secondary data from a socio-economic quantitative household survey in of the North Central region of Vietnam, the main aim of our study is to analyze the causal effect of forest resources on household income and poverty. Based on the observed characteristics of a forest-based livelihood and forest-related activities, we use a propensity score matching (PSM) method to control for potential bias arising from self-selection. The PSM results indicate that households with a forest livelihood had a higher level of income and lower level of poverty than did those without. Interestingly, our findings confirm that a forest-based livelihood offers much higher income than any other type of livelihood adopted by local households. Also, the poverty rate among households with a forest livelihood is lower than those earning non-labor income or engaged in wage/crop and crop livelihoods. Moreover, households whose livelihoods depend on timber forest products (TFPs) and animals (non-TFPs) also had higher income and lower levels of poverty than did those lacking these resources. Among households and provinces, we find differing opportunities deriving from forest resources, suggesting that there are potential barriers hindering local households from pursuing a forest livelihood or participating in some forest activities. Therefore, government policy and regulations on forest management should focus on improving the access of households to forest resources, at the same time enhancing the sustainability of these resources

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A PURPLE NONSULFUR BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM COASTAL AREA OF HAI PHONG FOR USING IN PRODUCTION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID (OMEGA 6, 7, 9)

Purple nonsulfur bacteria are a group that has so much biotechnological applications, particularly in producing of functional food rich with unsaturated fatty acids. A purple nonsulfur bacterium (named HPB.6) was chosen based on its strong growth, high lipid and synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid (omega 6,7,9). Studying on basic biological characteristics showed that the cells of HPB.6 were observed as ovoid-rod shape, none motility, Gram negative staining. The diameter of single bacterium was about 0.8-1.0 µm. The cells divide by binary fission and had bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a). This bacterium grew well on medium with carbon and nitrogen sources such as acetate, succinate, pyruvate, butyrate, glutamate, arginine, leucine, tyrosine, alanine, methionine, threonine, glutamine, yeast extract and NH4Cl. This selected strain grew well on medium with salt concentrations from 1.5 - 6.0% (optimum 3%), pH from 5.0 to 8.0 (optimum at pH 6.5) and could withstand Na2S at 4.0 - 5.2 mM. Based on morphological, physiological properties and 16S rRNA analysis received demonstrated that HPB.6 strain belongs to the species Rhodovulum sulfidophilum

THE PATENTED DRUGS UTILIZATION: A STUDY AT NGUYEN DINH CHIEU HOSPITAL IN BEN TRE PROVINCE FROM 2011 TO 2017

Objective: With their new and efficacious active ingredients, patented drugs have important roles in offering high-quality healthcare. However, huge cost-related barriers in accessing patented drugs along with the availability of low-cost bioequivalent generics have great impact on drugs policy in Vietnam. To understand situation of patented drugs utilization at hospitals for a certain period, this pilot study was conducted at Nguyen-Dinh-Chieu Hospital in Ben-Tre Province. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the retrospective data of all patented drugs used at Nguyen-Dinh-Chieu Hospital in Ben-Tre Province from 2011-2017. Characteristics of drugs utilization were described by frequency and percentage of drugs quantities and costs. Criteria for the description were as follows: active ingredient, route of administration, therapeutic class and manufacturing country. Data were extracted from the hospital information system and were processed by R software. Results: From 2011 to 2017, there were 212 patented drugs used which related to 145 active ingredients and 20 therapeutic classes. 88% were single active ingredient drugs and 49% were oral drugs. Antimicrobial and cardiovascular drugs represented the largest number of drugs and the highest cost. 79% of patented drugs were manufactured by companies in Europe and the majority came from France and Germany. Conclusion: This study provided initial information about the utilization of patented drugs during a long period of time at a Vietnamese hospital. The understanding gained will aid medical managers in assessment and adjustment of the drugs list, thus, optimizing the hospital budget and the equity in access to drugs within communities

Mutagenesis development of actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and screening for acarbose production

Acarbose has been widely used in the therapy of type II diabetes (non-insulin dependent) because it controls blood sugar contents of patients after meals. Acarbose, a pseudo-oligosaccharide, acts as a competitive -glucosidase inhibitor. Acarbose is produced by the strains of Bacillus, Streptomyces and Actinoplanes sp. The aim of this study was to develop mutagenesis for an Actinoplanes sp. strain and screening for acarbose production. The spores of Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 strain were subjected to be mutated by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) for screening and finding mutant strains that were capable of production of higher acarbose (an inhibitor of α-glucosidase) higher than wild type strain. Firstly, the original NTG solution was prepared in phosphate buffer 0.05 M, pH 6.9 and the safety concentration of NTG was determined at 5 mg/ml. Then, the spores were incubated with different NTG amounts and duration. The living colonies were transferred to fermentation medium. The results obtained showed that 15 mutant strains were produced higher acarbose than wild type when used thin layer chromatography method for analysis and comparing with standard acarbose (Sigma). Three cell lines among total tested 15 mutant lines of Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 produced acarbose at a higher level or indicated a higher inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase than the original strain. Enzymatic inhibitory ativity of α-glucosidase of three mutant strains (Actinoplanes sp. KCTC- L4, L11, L14) was increased 1.3 fold higher than wild type and Actinoplanes sp. KCTC spores were very sensitive to NTG toxic, 98% spores could not survive at the treatment condition of 50 µg NTG for 30 minutes. In addition, an applicable protocol for mutating Actinoplanes sp. using NTG was suggested for further research