日本列島の中期／後期旧石器時代移行期に関する再検討

　After the Fujimura’s Scandal, a plenty of Japanese Paleolithic researchers estimate to deny the presence of the Middle Paleolithic stage in the Japanese Archipelago.　They constrain the certain MP materials to the Musashino X Layer Stage, however, is that correct?　Takesa-Nakahara Site in the central Japan had excavated much deliberately after the Fujimura’s Scandal and that it belongs to the stage before the Upper Paleolithic is sure, based on the its assemblage made from middle and large flakes.　Although, as other site composing of same assemblage is nothing, these many researchers guess to be ranked it to the stage of Early UP.　However, since a new same assemblage discovered from the Shimohondani Site, locality of the water supply pond in the Hiroshima Prefecture in turn, it is high possibility that the single stage composed of these two sites presented in the transition from MP to UP

Steam Oxidation of Aluminide-Coated and Uncoated TP347HFG Stainless Steel under Atmospheric and Ultra-Supercritical Steam Conditions at 700 °C

The efficiency of ultra-supercritical (USC) steam power plants is limited by the materials properties, in particular, the steam oxidation resistance of the currently used steels at temperatures higher than 600 °C. Under these conditions, steam oxidation results in the development of thick oxide scales which spall and can accumulate in tube bends leading to blockage, overheating and premature creep rupture, as well as erosion of downstream components such as steam valves and turbine blades. Most published work related to oxidation testing is carried out at atmospheric pressure, with significantly less testing of austenitic steels in supercritical steam, and rarely including protective coatings. Indeed, the effect of high-pressure steam in the oxidation process is not quite understood at present. This paper covers a comparison of the behaviour of TP347HFG stainless steel at 700 °C under atmospheric pressure and 25 MPa, with and without slurry-applied diffusion aluminide coatings. The results show a very protective behaviour of the aluminide coatings, which develop a very thin Al-rich protective oxide, and no significant difference between the two environments. In contrast, the uncoated steel exhibited a different behaviour. Indeed, under atmospheric pressure after 3000 h, very thin scales, rich in Cr and not surpassing 5 to 10 µm in thickness, covered the samples along with some much thicker Fe-rich oxide nodules (up to 150 µm). However, under 25 MPa, a thick multilayer scale with a non-homogeneous thickness oscillating between 10 to 120 µm was present. A microstructural investigation was undertaken on the oxidised uncoated and coated substrates. The results suggest that pressure increases the oxidation rate of the chromia former steels but that the oxidation mechanism remains the same. A mechanism is proposed, including early detachment of the outer growing scales under supercritical pressure