An Analysis of Political and Institutional Power Dispersion: The Case of Turkey

This study examines the effects of fragmented governments and fiscal authorities on budget deficits in Turkey along with political business cycle effects. For econometric analysis we will use annual data from the period of 1960-2009. This paper sheds light on various dispersion indices and their use in the field of political power and fiscal performance. The results show that the power dispersion indices of governments and fiscal institutions significantly explain the increases in the ratio of budget deficit to GNP. The paper draws attention to the unification and better coordination of fiscal authorities in Turkey. The analysis has important policy implications for Turkey and other developing countries from the viewpoint of fragmented political and administrative dispersion of power and poor budget performances.Political Business Cycles, Fragmentation and Power Dispersion, Public Budget, Turkey, Statistical Indices

An Analysis of Political and Institutional Power Dispersion: The Case of Turkey

This study examines the effects of fragmented governments and fiscal authorities on budget deficits in Turkey along with political business cycle effects. For econometric analysis we will use annual data from the period of 1960-2009. This paper sheds light on various dispersion indices and their use in the field of political power and fiscal performance. The results show that the power dispersion indices of governments and fiscal institutions significantly explain the increases in the ratio of budget deficit to GNP. The paper draws attention to the unification and better coordination of fiscal authorities in Turkey. The analysis has important policy implications for Turkey and other developing countries from the viewpoint of fragmented political and administrative dispersion of power and poor budget performances.Political Business Cycles, Fragmentation and Power Dispersion, Public Budget, Turkey, Statistical Indices

Combined mitochondrial DNA analysis of the Mesopotamian spiny eel, Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander 1794), and its phylogenetic position

Nucleotide sequences of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, tRNAPhe and tRNAVal genes of mtDNA of the Mesopotamian spiny eel, M. mastacembelus was determined for the first time. The comparison of the three populations of Mesopotamian spiny eel from Turkish part of the Tigris basin based on the obtained combined mitochondrial DNA was performed. Based on the results, no differences were determined and the identity found to be 100% among three populations. Furthermore, the obtained results from molecular methods were compared with morphological findings to validate the position of the studied populations of M. mastacembelus. In addition, the phylogenetic position of the Mesopotamian spiny eel was examined among the Mastacembelidae and Synbranchioformes based on 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA. The constructed phylogenetic relationship between M. mastacembelus and some other members of Synbranchioformes order supported their taxonomic hierarchy

A Performance Study of a Horizontal-axis Micro-turbine in a Numerical Wave Flume

Numerical studies of performance of a 3-bladed Savonius type horizontal-axis wave energy converter are presented. Numerical simulations based on a volume of fluid (VOF) method coupled with a finite volume method (FVM) approach are performed in a numerical wave flume (NWF) for specified values of flow physics and turbine blade geometry conditions. Once validated against experimental data, the numerical simulations are extended to investigate the overall performance of the turbine over a very large range of wave height, wave frequency, and the submergence level for the same water depth in the context of optimization of a design of a small scale Savonius rotor. From the numerical results obtained and validated against the experimental data it can be concluded that the flow characteristics are strongly dependent upon differing wave propagation conditions and energy conversion rate can be increased with a proper combination of selected wave height and frequency for the investigated parametric value range

Pseudogenes

Pseudogenes are ubiquitous and abundant in genomes. Pseudogenes were once called “genomic fossils” and treated as “junk DNA” several years. Nevertheless, it has been recognized that some pseudogenes play essential roles in gene regulation of their parent genes, and many pseudogenes are transcribed into RNA. Pseudogene transcripts may also form small interfering RNA or decrease cellular miRNA concentration. Thus, pseudogenes regulate tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Their essential functions draw the attention of our research group in my current work on heat shock protein 90: a chaperone of oncogenes. The paper reviews our current knowledge on pseudogenes and evaluates preliminary results of the chaperone data. Current efforts to understand pseudogenes interactions help to understand the functions of a genome

Yaşam boyu öğrenme bağlamında Türkiye’deki kültürel alana ilişkin bir değerlendirme

The cultural domain may be defined as a sphere of influence that involves all cultural activities, whether economic or social in nature. In the context of lifelong learning, cultural and artistic environments represent tools and media of significance for formal and informal adult learning. The availability of learning opportunities in the cultural domain, the achievement of cultural competence by all individuals, and their cultural participation are strongly associated with lifelong learning. The research study employed a descriptive survey model with a view to establishing the data available in Turkey with respect to cultural productivity and participation. The study was structured on the basis of the data in Turkey as pertains to the budget allocated to culture and cultural expenditure, as well as performing arts, printed media, libraries, and museums. In summary, a general evaluation of the present state of productivity and participation in the cultural domain and its course over the years gives way to the argument that the cultural domain in Turkey is far from offering a source of possibilities and tools that would allow for the wider dissemination of the culture of learning.Kültürel alan, ekonomik ve sosyal tüm kültürel faaliyetleri kapsayan bir etki alanı olarak tanımlanabilir. Yaşam boyu öğrenme bağlamında kültür-sanat ortamları yetişkinlerin formel ve enformel öğrenmesinde önemli araçlar ve mecralardır. Kültürel alandaki öğrenme fırsatları, toplumdaki tüm bireylerin kültürel yetkinlik kazanması ve kültürel katılım yaşam boyu öğrenmeyle yakından ilişkilidir. Araştırmada, Türkiye’deki kültürel üretim ve katılım verilerini belirlemek üzere betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veriler, 2000-2018 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Çalışma; kültürel alan kapsamında Türkiye’de kültüre ayrılan bütçe, kültür harcamaları, gösteri sanatları, yazılı medya, kütüphane ve müzelere ilişkin veriler üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Özetle, kültürel alandaki üretimin ve katılımın yıllara göre seyri ve mevcut durumu genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde Türkiye’de kültürel alanın öğrenme kültürünün yaygınlaşmasını sağlayabilecek olanak ve araçlar sunmaktan uzak olduğu söylenebilir. Veriler, Türkiye’de pek çok boyutuyla kültürel katılımın oldukça düşük bir nüfus oranıyla sınırlı olduğunu göstermektedir

AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL POWER DISPERSION: THE CASE OF TURKEY

This study examines the effects of fragmented governments and fiscal authorities on budget deficits in Turkey along with political business cycle effects. For econometric analysis we will use annual data from the period 1960 to 2009. This article sheds light on various dispersion indices and their use in the field of political power and fiscal performance. The results show that the power dispersion indices of governments and fiscal institutions significantly explain the increases in the ratio of budget deficit to gross national product. The article draws attention to the unification and better coordination of fiscal authorities in Turkey. The analysis has important policy implications for Turkey and other developing countries from the viewpoint of fragmented political and administrative dispersion of power and poor budget performances. (JEL P16, H72, C22, C43

Developing an adaptation test for students to daily life about the unit “Systems and Health in Our Body”

This study is aimed to develop an adaptation test to determine the adaptation level of the 6th grade students about the concepts and topics to their daily life included in the unit '' Systems and Health in Our Body''. The test items were prepared by considering the reasons of the problems that they can encounter in their daily life about the subject and the concepts. The test was reduced to 27 items depending on the opinions of the experts and the period that the students given to answer the items. The final application was conducted with 48 students after the necessary corrections were done. The evaluation of the test items was performed as an answer key and grading rubric were formed. In this study, Pearson correlation coefficient and the comparison of means theory was used to determine the scoring reliability among scorers. Keywords: Science; controller and regulatory systems; endocrine system; sense organs; daily lif