Non-cooperative two-echelon supply chains with a focus on social responsibility

open access articleTo cooperate or not is one of the most challenging issues of supply chain management era. If the supply chain is managed optimally, the entire profitability increases. Meanwhile, corporate Social Responsibility (hereafter CSR) is defined as the social and ethical behavior of supply chain members against stakeholders such as shareholders, final customers, employees and executives. Moreover, the observance of the social responsibility obligations is of great importance for consumers and shareholders of companies. The decisions of the supply chain’s members play a direct role in determining the profits of each. These decisions are in conflict with other members in a competitive environment. In this paper, the contradictory variables encompasses the cost resulting from the performance of corporate social responsibility, inventory, shortage, advertising and pricing in a two-level supply chain, consisting a manufacturer and a retailer. After identifying the quantitative variables for measuring the social responsibility using Delphi-Fuzzy methods and Interpretive Structural Modeling, the most important and influential variable of measuring the social responsibility performance (forced labor ratio) has been selected. Subsequently, after modeling the profit function of each player, optimal results were emanated according to the bargaining power of each member and based on Nash and Stackelberg games. Afterwards, with numerical examples, the optimization and sensitivity analysis of social responsibility in each model has been discussed. The results indicate that the profit of manufacturer and retailer reduces by increasing the proportion of forced labor. Based upon Nash equilibrium, the manufacturer’s profit decreases with a slight slope; nonetheless, on retailer and manufacturer leadership models, the profit decreases with a slight increase of the forced labor

Formulation of Manufacturing Strategies Based on An Extended SWARA Method with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers: An Automotive Industry Application

Applying any kind of manufacturing strategy requires evaluating the current situation of the system at the internal and external levels and providing strategies for improving the system performance. Hence, the study presents review and design the optimal manufacturing strategy for increasing the efficiency of the automotive industry. This article presents a three-step manufacturing strategy model using Miltenburg worksheet and extended the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method into the intuitionistic fuzzy environment. It concentrates on five manufacturing objectives encompassing the production system, manufacturing outputs, manufacturing leverage, production capabilities, and competitive analysis. First,the basis of current production system is Product\Volume Layout\Flow Matrix (PV-LF) matrix. At the point, six manufacturing levers are analysed and assessed. The following step extends the SWARA method into the intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The research evaluates manufacturing outputs (delivery and cost, quality and performance) to define criteria of the optimal production system. Eventually, the study describes optimal strategies. Thus, the production system could change to the optimal policy. The results demonstrated that the case study production system is Equipment Paced Line Flow (EPL) and should vary from EPL to Just in Time (JIT). Furthermore, changing manufacturing levers is necessary to execute the proposed framework successfully

Система принятия строительных решений в условиях неопределенности

The paper considers the main principles of one- and two-side strategic games. Two-side strategic problems are subdivided in games with rational behaviour and games against nature. The following main strategic principles have been applied: ordinary min-max principle, Wald’s, Hurwicz’s, Laplace’s, Bayes’s, Hadges-Lehmann’s rules, Savage criterion. The description of Levi 3.0 program is given in the paper.In addition to description of the application program it is illustrated by the solution of the problem concerning multi-criterion evaluation and selection of construction site for a commercial object. In order to solve the problem a number of various methods have been applied.Рассматриваются основные положения одно- и двусторонних стратегических игр. Двусторонние стратегические задачи подразделены на игры с рациональным поведением и игры против природы. Использовались главные принципы стратегий: обычный принцип минимакса, правила Wald, Hurwicz, Laplace, Bayes, Hadges-Lehmann, критерий Savage. Приводится описание программы Levi 3.0.Кроме описания прикладной программы, в качестве иллюстрации работы программы с применением разных методов решается задача по многокритериальной оценке и выбору участка строительства коммерческого объекта

A content analysis in reverse logistics: a review

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review in the various publications on the concept of Reverse Logistics (RL) and the related areas within the period 1998-2012. The content analysis approach has been opted to collect the relevant information from different books, journals, and conferences. A broad review of literature in RL from its emergence until the recent discussions have been analyzed and compared in this research. The findings show that, the theoretical construct in RL has been initiated from the conjunction features in the waste management and logistics activities. This idea had been developed by introducing the new term as RL and its definitions and contents such as the activities; key drivers; barriers to use; material flow, and networks in RL. Furthermore, the findings present the various modelling in different aspects of RL, for instance, the mathematical modelling by applying the existence methods in Multi Attribute Decision-Making Models (MADM). In addition, the environmental concerns and governmental legislatives matters and impacts, which have been highlighted, recently, on RL have been deliberated. Hence, this paper would assist the researchers and practitioners to obtain a broad review of RL in the last decade and, also provide an agenda for the future researches

A new fuzzy additive ratio assessment method (ARAS–F). Case study: the analysis of fuzzy multiple criteria in order to select the logistic centers location

The main approaches which are applied to select the logistic center are the methods of gravity center, analytic hierarchy process, similarity to ideal solution, fuzzy ranking, assessment, etc. Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) combines analytical and inductive knowledge, describing a domain problem, which can be fuzzy and/or incomplete. The fuzzy MCDM (FMCDM) approach can explain the problem more appropriately. The purpose of the paper is to select the most suitable site for logistic centre among a set of alternatives, to help the stakeholders with the performance evaluation in an uncertain environment, where the subjectivity and vagueness of criteria are described by triangular fuzzy numbers. The paper presents a newly-developed ARAS–F method to solve different problems in transport, construction, economics, technology and sustainable development

System of Making Decisions in Constructions under Uncertain Conditions

The paper considers the main principles of one- and two-side strategic games. Two-side strategic problems are subdivided in games with rational behaviour and games against nature. The following main strategic principles have been applied: ordinary min-max principle, Wald’s, Hurwicz’s, Laplace’s, Bayes’s, Hadges-Lehmann’s rules, Savage criterion. The description of Levi 3.0 program is given in the paper.In addition to description of the application program it is illustrated by the solution of the problem concerning multi-criterion evaluation and selection of construction site for a commercial object. In order to solve the problem a number of various methods have been applied

A Hybrid fuzzy regression-SSA approach for electricity consumption optimisation

The critical impact of electricity on the quality of human life and the use of all electrical appliances and equipment is in principle self-evident. Nevertheless, governments cannot afford even productivity to consumption. The countries developed many structures to operate and improve the city and industrial electricity consumption and to manage power generation efficiency. Increase in population and the culture of consumption force the governments to raise the price. However, it is difficult to find ways and means to effectively manage trends in public behaviour and to control the harmful action of the population. This process requires knowing the need and consumption of electricity. The article discusses the primary criterion that influences electricity consumption and uses the singular spectrum analysis based on these factors to predict use. Besides, a fuzzy regression model is represented to optimise function. Results of optimisation show a considerable reduction in comparison with SSA forecasting method, indicating the efficiency of the offered method. Eventually results considerably assume that attention to a way of construction and improvements of the culture of use is a priority of the persons making decisions to reduce radical electric consumption in Iran and to become more optimistic concerning management of an electrical network