Case studies in web sustainability

At the moment organisations often make significant investments in producing Web-based material, often funded through public money, for example from JISC. But what happens when some of those organisations are closed or there is no longer any money or resources to host the site? We are seeing cuts in funding or changes in governmental policy, which is resulting in the closure of some of these organisations. What happens to those Web resources when the organisations are no longer in existence? Public money has often been used to develop these resources - from that perspective it would be a shame to lose them. Moreover, the resources might be needed or someone may actually want to take over the maintenance of the site at a later date. How do we make these sites more sustainable? Is there any way we can move sites to somewhere that is free to host the Web pages, and can be left there or modified when needed? JISC previously funded three projects to look at this area through a programme called Sustaining ‘at risk’ online resources [1]. One of these projects, which ran at The University of Northampton, looked into ‘rescuing’ one of the recently closed East Midlands Universities Association’s online resources. This resource, called East Midlands Knowledge Network (EMKN), lists many of the knowledge transfer activities of 10 of the East Midlands universities. The project looked at options on how to migrate the site to a free hosting option to make it make it more sustainable even when it is no longer available on the original host’s servers. This article looks at this work as a case study on Web sustainability and also included a case study of another project where Web sustainability was centra

Overall community development environment

Community development

Is a Massive Tau Neutrino Just What Cold Dark Matter Needs?

The cold dark matter (CDM) scenario for structure formation in the Universe is very attractive and has many successes; however, when its spectrum of density perturbations is normalized to the COBE anisotropy measurement the level of inhomogeneity predicted on small scales is too large. This can be remedied by a tau neutrino of mass 1\MeV - 10\MeV and lifetime $0.1\sec - 100\sec$ whose decay products include electron neutrinos because it allows the total energy density in relativistic particles to be doubled without interfering with nucleosynthesis. The anisotropies predicted on the degree scale for ``$\tau$CDM'' are larger than standard CDM. Experiments at $e^\pm$ colliders may be able to probe such a mass range.Comment: 9 pages LaTeX plus 4 figures (available upon request) FERMILAB--Pub--94/026-

Comparison of Shear Forces in High-Top and Low-Top Basketball Shoes During Lateral Cutting Movements

Literature exists examining the effect of athletic shoe design on ankle sprains, specifically ankle inversion angles (Barrett & Bilisko, 2012). However, no studies were found that examined either shoe design’s effect on the forces that occur at the ankle joint from lateral cutting maneuvers. The purpose of this current study is to measure the shear forces on the ankle during lateral cutting movements that are consistent with ankle inversions among high-top and low-top basketball shoes. It was hypothesized that there would be a greater amount of force on the ankle in low-top basketball shoes. Data was collected on two participants, one wearing a low-top shoe, and the other high-top. Kinematic data was collected via an 8-camera Vicon Nexus motion capture system (120 Hz) and kinetic data was collected via two in-ground AMTI force plates (2,400 Hz), on a lateral cutting movement commonly used in basketball. An independent T-test tested for significant differences in ankle joint force between HT and LT basketball shoes. No significant difference was found (p \u3e 0.05). Data suggests that while each shoe design relies on different support mechanisms, neither design of shoe decreases the amount of force on the ankle’s anatomical structure

Kuru

The paper begins with a discussion on the discovery of kuru, a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. This is followed by a look at the cultural life of the Fore tribe, the natural hosts of kuru. The clinical characteristics, laboratory data, post-mortem findings and histopathology of kuru victims are also discussed. The extensive transmission experiments involving kuru is the next topic presented. Next, a classification of disease, the origin of kuru the infectious agent involved, the etiology, the epidemiology and a possible genetic basis for kuru is given. The paper ends with a look into some of the most recent and promising experiments involving kuru

Local Government Behavior and Property Right Formation in Rural China

Secure land tenure is important to the development process, but China’s rural reforms have so far failed to provide farm households with this security. We examine the political economy of land tenure and find that local governments sacrifice tenure security in the interests of efficiency and equity. Local rent seeking also plays an important role, and is a likely source of the under-development of land rental markets. Our results further suggest that decreases in distortionary taxes and increases in the integrity of elections will lead to more secure tenure and an increased reliance on market land exchange.