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Suicide and self-harm in Britain: researching risk and resilience using UK surveys
Aim The main aim of this study was to raise awareness of surveys that could be used to inform self-harm and suicide prevention work. We asked:
What UK survey datasets are available for research?
What aspects of peopleās lives are associated with self-harm and attempted suicide?
How do statistical findings resonate with peopleās lived experience? What implications do they see?
Findings Survey analyses revealed that risk factors for self-harm are wide ranging and include:
Mental health
Physical health and health behaviours
Social relationships
Stressful events
Employment and financial circumstances
Identity and demographics
Many different factors are independently associated with self-harm. There is a dose relationship, with more exposure to a factor linked with increased risk. Risks are cumulative that is, exposure to multiple factors is associated with greater risk.
Through facilitated consultation, men with lived experience, bereaved family members, and practitioners identified recommendations for responding to suicidal distress in men. These related to the following three main areas:
1. Recognising need: who is āill enoughā?
Permission - men said that they often did not know they were entitled to help
Ask - people who outwardly appear to be functioning may not be
Persistence - ask and offer help more than once.
2. Facilitating access: right words, time and place
What is available - support is needed with ongoing stress as well as for crises
Find the words - men wanted examples of how to ask for help
Allow time - employers expect recovery to be swift, some men felt rushed to come off medications or were discharged from services they still needed.
3. Adjusting delivery: equal engagement
Power - some were uncomfortable with service dynamics, preferring peer support
Every service contact counts - negative contacts had particular impact
Safe spaces - may be different for men and women.
Methods
There were three strands of work:
Secondary analysis of nine survey series, spanning more than twenty years
Linkage of 144,000 survey participants to information on whether they were alive in 2013 and whether they had taken their own life
Facilitated consultation, through depth interviews with people with lived experience
A Novel Technique for the Simultaneous Collection of Reflection and Transmission Data from Thin Films in the Extreme Ultraviolet
Studies of thin films in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) are difficult given that most materials readily absorb photons of these energies. By depositing a thin film of the material of interest on a silicon photodiode, transmission measurements can be made throughout the EUV. If the measurements are made in a range of low absorption, the extinction coefficient, k, can be found with relative ease. However, if the materialās absorption is considerable, reflection measurements are needed to supplement the transmission data in order to find the optical constants n and k. The technique developed allows for reflection and transmission measurements to be taken simultaneously, which combined, account for all of the measurable photons from the original beam: (those which cannot be counted are photons absorbed into the thin film material). Also, the technique presented allows for data to be collected from practically all angles of incidence. This technique has been applied to a thin film of scandium oxide (d=65 nm), with measurements taken over wavelengths from 2.5-25 nm, and at angles of incidence 12 degrees from grazing to normal
Separation of Auditing Tax Services from Management Consulting Services: Implications for the Profession
Magneto-elastic coupling and competing entropy changes in substituted CoMnSi metamagnets
We use neutron diffraction, magnetometry and low temperature heat capacity to
probe giant magneto-elastic coupling in CoMnSi-based antiferromagnets and to
establish the origin of the entropy change that occurs at the metamagnetic
transition in such compounds. We find a large difference between the electronic
density of states of the antiferromagnetic and high magnetisation states. The
magnetic field-induced entropy change is composed of this contribution and a
significant counteracting lattice component, deduced from the presence of
negative magnetostriction. In calculating the electronic entropy change, we
note the importance of using an accurate model of the electronic density of
states, which here varies rapidly close to the Fermi energy.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Figures 4 and 6 were updated in v2 of this
preprint. In v3, figures 1 and 2 have been updated, while Table II and the
abstract have been extended. In v4, Table I has updated with relevant neutron
diffraction dat
Estimating Crime in Rural America: The Contribution of the First Phase of The West Virginia Community Quality of Life Survey
The study of crime, law, and social control is now much less urban-biased than it was at the start of this millennium, and there is an ongoing significant increase in international qualitative and quantitative rural criminological research. Nonetheless, a conspicuous absence of reliable estimates of crime victimization in rural parts of the United States continues to exist. This article helps fill a major research gap by presenting the results of the first phase of the West Virginia Community Quality of Life Survey
Production of intense, coherent, tunable narrowāband lymanāalpha radiation
Nearly transform limited pulses of 1216 Ć
radiation have been generated by sum frequency generation in 0.1 to 10 torr of mercury vapor. The summed input beams, consisting of photons at 3127 Ć
and 5454 Ć
originate in 1 MHz bandāwidth ringādye laser oscillators. The beams are amplified in pulsedādye amplifiers pumped by the frequency doubled output of a Nd:YAG laser. The 3127 Ć
photons are tuned to be resonant with the twoāphoton 61S to 71S mercury transition. The VUV radiation can be tuned by varying the frequency of the third nonāresonant photon. We have also observed difference frequency generation at 2193 Ć
and intense fluorescence from the 61P state at 1849 Ć
. We have studied the intensity and linewidth dependence of the 1849 Ć
fluorescence and 1216 Ć
sum frequency signals on input beam intensity, mercury density, and buffer gas pressure and composition.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87716/2/49_1.pd
Towards improved socio-economic assessments of ocean acidificationās impacts
Ocean acidification is increasingly recognized as a component of global change that could have a wide range of impacts on marine organisms, the ecosystems they live in, and the goods and services they provide humankind. Assessment of these potential socio-economic impacts requires integrated efforts between biologists, chemists, oceanographers, economists and social scientists. But because ocean acidification is a new research area, significant knowledge gaps are preventing economists from estimating its welfare impacts. For instance, economic data on the impact of ocean acidification on significant markets such as fisheries, aquaculture and tourism are very limited (if not non-existent), and non-market valuation studies on this topic are not yet available. Our paper summarizes the current understanding of future OA impacts and sets out what further information is required for economists to assess socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification. Our aim is to provide clear directions for multidisciplinary collaborative research
Tobacco: harm-reduction approaches to smoking Review 4: Barriers and facilitators to implementing tobacco harm reduction approaches; including user and provider perspectives.
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