The changing roles of female labor in economic expansion and decline: The case of the Istanbul clothing industry

[No abstract available

Two years survival rate of class II composite resin restorations prepared by ART with and without a chemomechanical caries removal gel in primary molars

The aim was to test the null hypotheses that there is no difference: (1) in carious lesion development at the restoration margin between class II composite resin restorations in primary molars produced through the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with and without a chemomechanical caries removal gel and (2) in the survival rate of class II composite resin restorations between two treatment groups after 2 years. Three hundred twenty-seven children with 568 class II cavitated lesions were included in a parallel mouth study design. Four operators placed resin composite (Filtek Z 250) restorations bonded with a self-etch adhesive (Adper prompt L pop). Two independent examiners evaluated the restorations after 0.5, 1, and 2 years using the modified Ryge criteria. The Kaplan–Meier survival method was applied to estimate survival percentages. A high proportion of restorations were lost during the study period. Therefore, the first hypothesis could not be tested. No statistically significant difference was observed between the cumulative survival percentages of restorations produced by the two treatment approaches over the 2-year period (ART, 54.1 ± 3.4%; ART with Carisolv™, 46.0 ± 3.4%). This hypothesis was accepted. ART with chemomechanical gel might not provide an added benefit increasing the survival percentages of ART class II composite resin restorations in primary teeth

Positive correlation between fluoride release and acid erosion of restorative glass-ionomer cements.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between acid erosion and fluoride release of conventional glass ionomer cements. METHODS: Ten specimens for each material were prepared for fluoride release tests and five for acid erosion tests separately. After placed in pH cycling solution, concentration of fluoride was measured by a fluoride-ion selective electrode each day for 15 days. For the acid erosion test, specimens were immersed in a lactic acid solution and their depth measured with a spring-loaded dial gauge. The data were submitted to 3-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p0.05). The highest acid erosion values were registered for Magic Glass, Ion Z, VitroFil and Maxxion R, which exceeded the maximum stipulated by the relevant ISO test (ISO 9917-1). A positive linear correlation (r2=0.4886) was found for both properties, i.e., higher fluoride release is related to higher acid erosion. SIGNIFICANCE: Acid erosion and fluoride release are related properties of GICs, though factors such as pH and P/L ratio lead to differences between actual values for individual brands of these materials