Проектная деятельность как один из методических приемов формирования универсальных учебных действий

Выпуск 6, ноябрь -декабрь 2013 Опубликовать статью в журнале -http://publ.naukovedenie.ru Институт Государственного управления, права и инновационных технологий (ИГУПИТ) Проектная деятельность как один из методических приемов формирования универсальных учебных действий Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются истоки проектной деятельности в зарубежной и отечественной педагогической мысли. Отмечен возрождающийся интерес к использованию метода проектов в процессе обучения с учетом изменений, охвативших всю систему российского образования. Использование новой научно-методической основы и развитых информационных ресурсов позволило включить метод проектной деятельности в круг наиболее востребованных образовательных технологий. В статье анализируются основные подходы современных отечественных педагогов к проблемам проектного обучения, и отмечается, что данный вид деятельности воспринимается как путь повышения мотивации учащихся. Так же проектная деятельность обеспечивает высокий уровень познавательного интереса, интеграцию теоретического знания с практическим опытом и способствует развитию творческой активности. В статье выделено несколько видов научно-проектной деятельности учащихся и приводится их краткая характеристика. В статье обсуждены не только позитивные стороны данной деятельности, но и выделены некоторые негативные черты, которые сложились в современном российском образовании. В статье показана взаимосвязь проектной деятельности с концепцией формирования универсальных учебных действий. Подробно рассмотрено, какие конкретные универсальные учебные действия формирует и развивает проектная деятельность. Ключевые слова: Образование; педагогическая технология; проектная деятельность; творчество; учащиеся; универсальные учебные действия. Идентификационный номер статьи в журнале 165PVN613 Интернет-журнал «НАУКОВЕДЕНИЕ» Выпуск 6, ноябрь -декабрь 2013 Опубликовать статью в журнале -http://publ.naukovedenie.ru Институт Государственного управления, права и инновационных технологий (ИГУПИТ) Связаться с редакцией: [email protected] 2 http://naukovedenie.ru 165PVN613 Dmitrij Turchen The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Russia, Sankt-Petersburg E-Mail: [email protected] Project activities as one of the methodical ways for universal educational activity cultivation Abstract: The origins of the project activities in the Russian and foreign pedagogical thought are under consideration in this paper. It is necessary to note a renewed interest to use the method of projects in course of the training process. This method takes into account the changes, which cover the whole system of Russian education. The new scientific and methodical foundations and welldeveloped informational resources using allows one to include the method of project activities into the strata of the most urgent educational technologies. The author of the article analyzes the main approaches of the modern Russian teachers to the problems of project-based learning; he notes that this type of activity leads to the motivation increase of the schoolchildren. In addition, the project activity provides a high level of cognitive interest and the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical experience; it also promotes the creative activity growth. Some types of scientific and project activities of the schoolchildren are singled out; brief characteristic of theses types is given. Both the positive and negative sides of this activity in modern Russian education system are discussed in this paper. The relationship between the project activities and the concept of universal training activity is shown there. The author also consider the question, how the each type of universal educational activities could be formed and developed due to the project activity

Natural insecticide based-leaves extract of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) in the control of stink bug brown soybean Inseticida natural a base de extrato de folha de Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) no controle do percevejo marrom da soja

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the insecticide potential of the leaves extract of Piper aduncum (L.) (Piperaceae) on development of brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.), major pest in soybean crop in Mato Gross

Flight dispersion in field and reproductive status of Scaptocoris castanea Perty (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

Abstract. Flight dispersion is an adaptive trait to insects, since that make possible found new habitat with resources adequate to survive and reproduction. This behavior is reported in Scaptocoris castanea Perty (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), however few is known on this issue. Herein, we propose to characterize the flight dispersion of S. castanea in field and assess your reproductive status. For this, we conducted samples in soybean and cotton crop by two years (i.e. crop station), where the insects were collected with aerial insect net and sample in soil. We assess presence and/or absence of insect at flight dispersion, sexual rate and reproductive status of females (flight and soil), which was defined as presence of sperm in the spermatheca (i.e. couple female) and number of ovules in ovaries (i.e., full eggs). Our results exhibit that dispersion by flight occurred between March and April (2014) and, February and March (2015), which indicate strong association among flight dispersion and rain period. Besides, we verified that the insects collected during flight exhibit a high proportion of female (> 0.85), and high reproductive potential from insect at flight and in soil. Therefore, the flight dispersion in S. castanea is characterized by occur after mating behavior (presence of sperm in spermatid) and with insect able to colonize new fields (presence of ovules in ovaries). Dispersão por voo em campo e status reprodutivo de Scaptocoris castanea Perty (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) Resumo. Dispersão por voo é uma característica adaptativa em insetos, pois permitem a localização de habitat favoráveis para sobrevivência e reprodução. Tal comportamento é realizado pelo percevejo-castanho, Scaptocoris castanea Perty (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), mas pouca atenção tem sido dada a esta questão. Assim, propõe-se nesta pesquisa caracterizar a dispersão por revoada e status reprodutivo de S. castanea em campo. Para isso, realizou-se coletas em áreas de soja e algodão em dois anos (safras). Estas consistiam em captura de insetos em revoadas com rede entomológica e coletas em solo. Avaliou-se a razão sexual dos adultos e o status reprodutivo das fêmeas (revoada e solo), considerando a presença de espermatozoides na espermateca e fêmeas com óvulos nos ovaríolos (óvulos formados). Nossos resultados mostraram que a dispersão por voo ocorreu entre março e abril (2014) e fevereiro e março (2015), o que indica forte associação da dispersão com período da chuva. Além disso, verificou-se que os insetos coletados durante o voo exibiam alta proporção de fêmeas (> 0,85) e alto potencial reprodutivo de fêmeas em voo e no solo. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a dispersão de S. castanea é caracterizada por ocorrer após comportamento de cópula (presença de esperma na espermateca) e com insetos aptos para colonizar novas áreas (presença de óvulos nos ovaríolos)

Plant-Derived Insecticides Under Meta-Analyses: Status, Biases, and Knowledge Gaps

Plant-derived or botanical insecticides are biopesticides experiencing substantial ongoing increase in interest. The 74 years of our literature survey tracked over 2500 papers on botanical insecticides published between 1945 and 2019 (Web of Science database). Such a survey allowed meta-analyses to recognize current status and biases of the studies providing important insights into the research topic. They include the recognition of the exponential growth of such studies since the 1990s, the prevalent interest on the Meliaceae plant species and a dozen additional families, although some 190 families have been investigated. The arthropods targeted by such studies were pest species (ca. 95%) with rather little attention devoted to non-target species (p < 0.001). This bias is followed by another one—mortality assessments are prevalent among target and non-target arthropod species when contrasted with sublethal assessments (p < 0.01). These omissions are pivotal, as they fail to recognize that sublethal effects may be as important or even more important than mortality, and that initial insecticide deposits quickly degrade over time leading to prevailing sublethal exposure. Furthermore, although the target of control is limited to few species, non-target species will be exposed and as such need to be factored into consideration. Thus, these biases in studies of botanical insecticides incur in knowledge gaps with potential consequences for the practical use of these compounds as pest management tools

THE NATIONAL PARK MOVEMENT: A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF TEMPORAL CHANGE ON RHETORIC

Abstract not availabl

Seleção bidirecional da velocidade de caminhamento, síndrome comportamental associada, e consequências sobre o fitness de caruncho-do-milho Sitophilus zeamais

The individual behavioral types (i.e., personality traits) and their inter-correlations (i.e., behavioral syndrome) are recognized in the arthropods and reveal ecological and evolutionary importance. The issue is also important for applied entomology, where distinct personality types have differ with consequence for the insect fitness. Here, we attempted to understand how within-population variation in personality traits are maintained. Therefore, we focus on selection of a behavioral trait (i.e., walking velocity) to check whether it is inherited and inter-correlated with other personality traits configuring a behavioral syndrome, and their fitness consequences. The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) was used as experimental model to test the above mentioned hypothesis. We detected that walking velocity is inherited and maintained among generations of maize weevil. Furthermore, the selection procedure exhibited impact on the behavioral types allowing us to recognize different behavioral patterns among strains. The multidimensional behavioral constructs of maize weevil personality indicate divergence among personality types within and between strains with stronger contribution of the activity dimension. Lastly, we assessed the inter- relations between walking velocity and the other behavior traits, and behavioral traits with reproductive output. The former indicated the existence of behavioral syndrome in the maize weevil, particularly within the activity dimension. The second indicated that this behavioral dimension, and particularly walking velocity, does affect the reproductive output of maize weevil.Os tipos individuais de comportamento (traços de personalidade) e suas inter- correlações (síndrome comportamental) são reconhecidos para artrópodes e revelam importância ecológica e evolutiva. Esta importância também se estende à entomologia aplicada, onde tipos distintos de personalidade mostram consequências distintas no valor adaptativo de insetos. Aqui, nós procuramos entender como é mantida a variação da personalidade dentro da população através da seleção de um traço comportamental (no caso, velocidade de caminhamento) a fim de investigar se este é herdado e se inter- correlaciona outros traços de personalidade, configurando uma síndrome comportamental. Além disto, nós avaliamos se a seleção feita teve consequência sobre a capacidade reprodutiva dos indivíduos selecionados. Para testar tal hipótese, nós utilizamos o caruncho-do-milho (Sitophilus zeamais) como modelo experimental. Nós observamos que a velocidade de caminhamento é uma característica que pode ser herdada e mantida entre gerações de caruncho-do-milho. O procedimento de seleção também teve impacto sobre os tipos comportamentais, o que nos permitiu reconhecer diferentes padrões comportamentais nas linhas de seleção. Os desenhos das construções comportamentais multidimensionais para a personalidade confirmaram uma divergência consistente entre os tipos de personalidade e dentro das linhagens selecionadas, com maior contribuição da dimensão atividade. Verificamos ainda a existência de inter-correlações entre velocidade de caminhamento com outros traços de comportamento, particularmente na dimensão atividade, indicando a existência de síndrome comportamental no caruncho-do-milho. As características comportamentais também mostraram relação com a capacidade reprodutiva dos insetos, com destaque para o impacto da velocidade de caminhamento sobre a reprodução do caruncho-do- milho.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

THE OIL EXPROPRIATION CONTROVERSY, 1917-1942, IN UNITED STATES - MEXICAN RELATIONS

Abstract not availabl