110 research outputs found

    Thin film bulk acoustic wave devices : performance optimization and modeling

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    Thin film bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators and filters operating in the GHz range are used in mobile phones for the most demanding filtering applications and complement the surface acoustic wave (SAW) based filters. Their main advantages are small size and high performance at frequencies above 2 GHz. This work concentrates on the characterization, performance optimization, and modeling techniques of thin film BAW devices. Laser interferometric vibration measurements together with plate wave dispersion modeling are used to extract the full set of elastic material parameters for sputter deposited ZnO, demonstrating a method for obtaining material data needed for accurate simulation of the devices. The effectiveness of the acoustic interference reflector used to isolate the vibration from the substrate is studied by 1-D modeling, 2-D finite element method and by electrical and laser interferometric measurements. It is found that the Q-value of reflector-based BAW resonators operating at 2 GHz is limited to approximately 2000 by mechanisms other than leakage through the reflector. Suppression of spurious resonances in ZnO resonators is studied in depth by modeling and measurements. It is verified that the approximate mode orthogonality is behind the suppression in boundary frame type ZnO devices operating in the piston mode, but also another narrow band mode suppression mechanism is found. A plate wave dispersion based 2-D simulation scheme for laterally acoustically coupled BAW resonator filters is developed and employed in designing of experimental devices, which show both good agreement with the model predictions and a remarkable 4.9 % relative bandwidth

    High-fidelity patterning of AlN and ScAlN thin films with wet chemicaletching

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    We report on the anisotropic wet etching of sputtered AlN and Sc0.2Al0.8 N thin films. With tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide at 80 degrees C, the etch rates along the c-axis were 330 and 30 nm/s for AlN and Sc0.2Al0.8N, respectively. Although the etching was anisotropic, significant lateral etching below the mask occurred, perpendicular to the c-axis. With a 1 mu m Sc0.2Al0.8 N film, it could be up to 1800 nm. We studied the lateral etching with molybdenum, SiO2, SiNx and TiO2 masks, and found the leading cause for the lateral etching to be modification of the AlN or Sc0.2Al0.8 N surface caused by ion bombardment and surface oxidation by ambient air. The lateral etching was reduced by optimizing the mask deposition and with thermal annealing. With Sc0.2Al0.8 N, the lateral etching was reduced down to 35-220 nm depending on the mask, while with AlN, it was reduced to negligible. These results can be used for developing optimised mask deposition processes for better etch characteristics and for microfabrication of AlN and ScxAl1-xN thin-film structures.Peer reviewe

    Characterization of energy trapping in a bulk acoustic wave resonator

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    Acoustic wave fields both within the active electrode area of a solidly mounted 1.8 GHz bulk acoustic waveresonator, and around it in the surrounding region, are measured using a heterodyne laser interferometer. Plate-wave dispersion diagrams for both regions are extracted from the measurement data. The experimental dispersion data reveal the cutoff frequencies of the acoustic vibration modes in the region surrounding the resonator, and, therefore, the energy trapping range of the resonator can readily be determined. The measureddispersionproperties of the surrounding region, together with the abruptly diminishing amplitude of the dispersion curves in the resonator, signal the onset of acoustic leakage from the resonator. This information is important for verifying and further developing the simulation tools used for the design of the resonators. Experimental wave field images, dispersion diagrams for both regions, and the threshold for energy leakage are discussed.Peer reviewe

    Extraction of lateral eigenmode properties in thin film bulk acoustic wave resonator from interferometric measurements

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    A heterodyne laser interferometer is used to study acoustic wave fields excited in a 1.8 GHz AlN thin film bulk acoustic waveresonator. The electrical response of the resonator exhibits a strong thickness resonance onto which spurious modes, caused by lateral standing plate waves, are superposed. Optical interferometermeasurements are used to extract dispersion curves of the laterally propagating waves responsible for the spurious responses. A discrete eigenmode spectrum due to the finite lateral dimensions of the resonator is observed. An equivalent circuit model for a multimode resonator is fitted to the mechanical resonator response extracted along a single curve in the dispersion diagram, and is used to determine properties, such as Q-values, of the individual lateral eigenmodes.Measuredwave field images, extracted dispersion curves, and the eigenmode spectrum with the model fitting results are presented.Peer reviewe

    Pulssilaserilla synnytettävään ultraääneen perustuva ohutkalvojen karakterisointilaitteisto

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    Alle pikosekunnin mittaisella laserpulssilla voidaan synnyttää lyhyt ultraäänipulssi läpinäkymättömään ohutkalvoon. Pulssin heijastukset näytteen sisäisistä kalvojen rajapinnoista voidaan detektoida aikaerotteisesti viivästämällä samasta lähteestä johdettua laserpulssia ja mittaamalla sen avulla aikariippuvia muutoksia pinnan heijastuskertoimessa tai pinnan liikettä. Aikaresoluutio on alle pikosekunnin luokkaa. Tekniikka on ainetta rikkomaton ja soveltuu läpinäkymättömiin kalvoihin tai rakenteisiin, joissa päällimmäinen kerros on läpinäkymätön ja joiden paksuus vaihtelee muutamasta nanometristä useisiin mikrometreihin. Suoraviivaisimmat sovellukset ovat kalvon paksuuden tai äänennopeuden määritys. Resoluutio paksuudessa on nanometriluokkaa. Tässä työssä esitellään mittaustapahtuman fysiikka ja useita kirjallisuudessa esitettyjä menetelmän sovelluskohteita ja variaatioita. Esitetään algoritmi, joka määrittää monikerroksisessa näytteessä syntyvien moninkertaisten kaikujen viiveet ja vaiheet periaatteessa mielivaltaisissa tapauksissa. Laserpulssin synnyttämä aikariippuva lämpötilajakauma näytteessä lasketaan numeerisesti. Signaalin ja kohinan käyttäytymistä systeemissä analysoidaan. Työssä rakennettiin kokeellinen mittauslaitteisto. Paksuus- ja äänennopeusmittaukset demonstroitiin laitteistolla käyttäen sekä pinnan heijastuskertoimen että liikkeen havaitsevaa mittausjärjestelyä ja tarkoitusta varten valmistettuja koenäytteitä. Kaikujen viiveet määritetään mittausdatasta muutaman prosentin tarkkuudella. Paksuuden ja äänen nopeuden määritykset viiveiden perusteella kärsivät äänennopeuden epävarmuudesta ohutkalvoissa ja tarkan paksuusrefererenssin puutteesta. Esitetään suunnitelma parannetusta mittauslaitteistosta. Parannetulla laitteistolla yhdessä tarkan paksuusmittausmenetelmän kanssa paksuus- ja äänennopeusmittauksissa tulisi yltää muutaman prosentin virhemarginaaliin

    Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Devices. Performance Optimization and Modeling:Dissertation

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    Low loss acoustic device

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