Transição da pessoa com doença oncológica avançada de oncologia para cuidados paliativos: O papel do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiátrica

Este relatório de estágio procura estruturar o percurso desenvolvido durante o 2º Estágio do 2º Mestrado em Associação de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica e assim demonstrar a aquisição das Competências Especificas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Competências de Mestre. Grande parte das pessoas com doença oncológica avançada não têm acesso de forma sistemática às intervenções de Cuidados Paliativos. Foi utilizada a metodologia de projeto para dar resposta ao problema identificado: “A transição da pessoa com doença avançada para CP é muitas vezes realizada de forma abrupta e sem preparação gradual”. Ao longo do trabalho foi evidenciado o papel do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica como uma mais valia nesta transição pois, além das competências de avaliação das necessidades em saúde mental, só ele poderá intervir com cuidados psicoterapêuticos, sócio-terapêuticos, psicossociais e psicoeducacionais permitindo assim promover a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados de saúde

Ultra-large mode area fibers for high power lasers

The most recent advances on ultra-large mode area fibers for high-power operation will be presented. Moreover, an approach to synthetize ultra-large mode area fibers that circumvents technical limitations by using multi-core fibers will be discussed

Beam delivery of femtosecond laser radiation by diffractive optical elements

“The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com”. Copyright Springer. DOI: 10.1007/s003390050814 [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]A novel beam-forming and delivery technique for high-power laser beams for the generation of well-defined intensity distributions based on diffractive optical elements is reported. It will be shown that nonlinear beam distortions can be minimized by applying this technique in the field of femtosecond-laser-basedmicro-machining. As a concrete example, the production of high-quality holes in metallic workpieces at atmospheric pressure will be discussed.Peer reviewe

Ablation of silicon with bursts of femtosecond laser pulses

We report on an experimental investigation of ultrafast laser ablation of silicon with bursts of pulses. The pristine 1030nm-wavelength 200-fs pulses were split into bursts of up to 16 sub-pulses with time separation ranging from 0.5ps to 4080ps. The total ablation threshold fluence was measured depending on the burst features, finding that it strongly increases with the number of sub-pulses for longer sub-pulse delays, while a slowly increasing trend is observed for shorter separation time. The ablation depth per burst follows two different trends according to the time separation between the sub-pulses, as well as the total threshold fluence. For delays shorter than 4ps it decreases with the number of pulses, while for time separations longer than 510ps, deeper craters were achieved by increasing the number of subpulses in the burst, probably due to a change of the effective penetration depth

Ultrashort pulse laser drilling of metals using a high repetition rate, high average power fiber CPA system

We present an experimental study of the drilling of metal targets with ultrashort laser pulses with pulse durations from 800 fs to 19 ps at repetition rates up to 1 MHz, average powers up to 70 Watts, using an Ytterbium-doped fiber CPA system. Particle shielding and heat accumulation have been found to influence the drilling efficiency at high repetition rates. Particle shielding causes an increase in the number of pulses for breakthrough. It occurs at a few hundred kHz, depending on the pulse energy and duration. The heat accumulation effect is noticed at higher repetition rates. Although it overbalances the particle shielding thus making the drilling process faster, heat accumulation is responsible for the formation of a large amount of molten material that limits the hole quality. The variations of the pulse duration reveal that heat accumulation starts at higher repetition rates for shorter pulse lengths. This is in agreement with the observed higher ablation efficiency with shorter pulse duration. Thus, the shorter pulses might be advantageous if highest precision and processing speed is required. © 2009 SPIE

Femtosecond and picosecond laser drilling of metals at high repetition rates and average powers

The influence of pulse duration on the laser drilling of metals at repetition rates of up to 1 MHz and average powers of up to 70 W has been experimentally investigated using an ytterbium-doped-fiber chirped-pulse amplification system with pulses from 800 fs to 19 ps. At a few hundred kilohertz particle shielding causes an increase in the number of pulses for breakthrough, depending on the pulse energy and duration. At higher repetition rates, the heat accumulation effect overbalances particle shielding, but significant melt ejection affects the hole quality. Using femtosecond pulses, heat accumulation starts at higher repetition rates, and the ablation efficiency is higher compared with picosecond pulses. © 2009 Optical Society of America

Nonlinear pulse compression in solid-core fibers for high-average power few-cycle pulses in the MIR

Summary form only given. High-average-power ultrashort-pulse laser systems in the mid-infrared (MIR) molecular fingerprint region (2-25 μm) are of great interest for environmental applications, defense and fundamental research, in particular for studies of molecular dynamics on the femtosecond scale, chemical reactions and dynamics of photo-excited charge carriers in semiconductors [1-3]. High-sensitivity spectroscopic applications require excellent laser stability as well as high average powers enabling a high dynamic range and good signal to noise ratio. In addition, few-cycle pulse duration and the control over the carrier envelope phase (CEP) opens the possibility for MIR dual-comb spectroscopy, which allows for significantly shorter measurement times and improved stability [3]. Emitting at around 2 μm wavelength, high-power ultrafast Thulium-based fiber lasers are an ideal frontend for optical parametric frequency down-conversion towards the MIR. Few-cycle pulse durations can be readily achieved at 2 μm wavelength with nonlinear self-compression in solid-core glass-fibers [4], which is an average power-scalable approach providing diffraction-limited output and good pulse quality even for large compression factors. This work comprises the experimental demonstration as well as the discussion of design rules of the nonlinear compression stage for optimum pulse quality, short pulse duration and high stability of the compressed laser output. We report on a laser source with excellent long-term stability delivering pulses with sub-25 fs duration, 0.7 μJ pulse energy and 50 MHz pulse repetition rate, representing an ideal source for MIR generation

Generation of parabolic bound pulses from a Yb-fiber laser

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We report the observation of self-similar propagation of bound-state pulses in an ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber laser. A bound state of two positively chirped parabolic pulses with 5.4 ps duration separated by 14.9 ps is obtained, with 1.7 nJ of energy per pulse. These pulses are extra-cavity compressed to 100 fs. For higher pumping power and a different setting of the intra-cavity polarization controllers, the laser generates a bound state of three chirped parabolic pulses with different time separations and more than 1.5 nJ energy per pulse. Perturbation of this bound state by decreasing pump power results in the generation of a single pulse and a two-pulse bound state both structures traveling at the same velocity along the cavity. A possible explanation of the zero relative speed by a particular phase relation of the bound states is discussed