Overview of Players and Information in the Cancer Epidemiology and Control World in Asia

Cancer and related lifestyle diseases are on the increase across Asia and already account for over half the disease-associated mortality in the vast majority of the included countries. An understanding of the epidemiology is therefore of paramount importance. In addition, given the immensity of the problem, cooperation among all the interested parties is of the essence. The present series of reviews were complied with the aim of promoting better comprehension and interaction, focusing on cancer prevalence and the underlying risk and preventive factors in Asia. Data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents and Globocan 2002, published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, as well as various other cancer registry sources, were thus married with research information in the public domain, accessible through PubMed. It is hoped that the comprehensive approach adopted for the different regions will help bring together all of the Asian community of individuals involved in cancer epidemiology and control and contribute to establishment of Asian networks for collaborative research. The major players and the overall picture for cancer control are covered in the present overview. Further details are then provided in seven separate regional reviews: for North-Western and Central Asia; South-West Asia; South Asia; Mainland South-East Asia; Peninsular and Island South-East Asia, the Pacific; and North-East Asia. The final section covers possible organ-based strategies for cancer control and, lastly, an Appendix has been included listing research institutes and staff in Asia to facilitate contacts between interested individuals.MOORE MA, 2010, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V11, P147SHIN HR, 2010, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V11, P147Tanaka H, 2009, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V10, P1191Yoo KY, 2008, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V38, P327, DOI 10.1093/jjco/hyn026Sobue T, 2008, INT J CLIN ONCOL, V13, P97, DOI 10.1007/s10147-008-0761-7Okamoto N, 2008, INT J CLIN ONCOL, V13, P90, DOI 10.1007/s10147-008-0759-1Park S, 2008, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V9, P371Moore MA, 2008, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V9, P815Akhtar F, 2007, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V8, P452Kawahara N, 2007, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V8, P464CURADO MP, 2007, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, V160WIANGNON S, 2007, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V8, P457AHN YO, 2007, J PREV MED PUB HLTH, V40, P265Deerasamee S, 2007, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V8, P547Tamakoshi A, 2007, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V8, P1Kawahara N, 2007, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V8, P146CHENG C, 2006, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V7, P350YOO KY, 2005, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V6, P238FERLAY J, 2004, GLOBOCAN 2002 CANC IBHURGRI Y, 2004, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V5, P77Coleman MP, 2003, CLIN MED, V3, P219Lim GCC, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V32, pS37PARKIN DM, 2002, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, V155Tjindarbumi D, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V32, pS17Hock LC, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V32, pS62Vatanasapt V, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V32, pS82Ngelangel CA, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V32, pS52Anh PTH, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V32, pS92YOO KY, 2002, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V3, P85Desai PB, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V32, pS13ANH PHT, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V32, pS82AHN YO, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL S, V32, pS37YAMAGUCHI K, 2002, JPN J CLIN ONCOL S, V32, pS37TAJIMA K, 2002, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V3, P263ROSEMAWATI A, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P43Wang HE, 2001, ANN EMERG MED, V37, P38MOSAVIJARRAHI A, 2001, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V2, P25OSHIMA A, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P31PARKIN DM, 2001, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V2, pS1GAJALAKSHMI V, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P13SARJADI PT, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P21ESTEBAN DB, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P25QASEM BM, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P25AHN YO, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P39MUNKHTAIVAN A, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P47BHURGRI Y, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P51ALHAMDAN N, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P61ALLAWATI JA, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P71YOU SL, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P75DEERASAMEE S, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P79ANH PH, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P85FOO W, 2001, ASIAN PACIFIC J CA S, V2, P9PARKIN DM, 1997, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, V143PARKIN DM, 1992, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, V120MUIR CS, 1987, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, V88WATERHOUSE JAH, 1982, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, V42

Management and Outcome of Cardiac and Endovascular Cystic Echinococcosis

Cardiac and vascular involvement are infrequent in classical cystic echinococcosis (CE), but when they occur they tend to present earlier and are associated with complications that may be life threatening. Cardiovascular CE usually requires complex surgery, so in low-income countries the outcome is frequently fatal. This case series describes the characteristics of cardiovascular CE in patients diagnosed and treated at a Tropical Medicine & Clinical Parasitology Center in Spain. A retrospective case series of 11 patients with cardiac and/or endovascular CE, followed-up over a period of 15 years (1995–2009) is reported. The main clinical manifestations included thoracic pain or dyspnea, although 2 patients were asymptomatic. The clinical picture and complications vary according to cyst location. Isolated cardiac CE may be cured after surgery, while endovascular extracardiac involvement is associated with severe chronic complications. CE should be included in the differential diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in patients from endemic areas. CE is a neglected disease and further studies are necessary in order to make more definite management recommendations for this rare and severe form of the disease. The authors propose a general approach based on cyst location: exclusively cardiac, endovascular or both

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

DATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

The effects of some domestic pollutants on the cumacean (Crustacea) community structure at the coastal waters of the Dardanelles, Turkey

This study was carried out to determine the effects of sewage pollution on the cumacean assemblages found in the coastal waters of the Dardanelles. The samples were collected by a SCUBA diver between July 2008 and April 2009 and a total of 102 specimens belong to 5 cumacea species, Bodotria arenosa mediterranea, Cumopsis goodsir, Cumella limicola, Iphinoe maeotica and Pseudocuma longicorne was recorded. The dominant species, Iphinoe maeotica has the highest dominance value (36.66%). Multiregression approach resulted in statistically insignificant relationship between physical, chemical and biochemical variables of water and sediment and Bodotria arenosa mediterranea, Cumopsis goodsir, Cumella limicola, and Iphinoe maeotica. Based on multiple regression test, a significant relationship with R2 = 92.2%, F= 7.876 and p= 0.000 was found between six water and sediment quality constituents and numbers of Pseudocuma longicornis at the stations studied of the Dardanelles. On the other hand, water temperature (β= -0.114; t= -2.811, p= 0.016); sediment organic matter (β= -0.011; t= -2.406; p= 0.033) and water phosphorus (PO4) (β= 0.323; t= 3.444; p=0.005) were found to be the most important water and sediment parameters that affect Pseudocuma longicornis

Exotic crustaceans of the Turkish coast

A total of 50 exotic species (19 Brachyura, 19 Natantia, 2 Stomatopoda ,6 Amphipoda, 1 Cumacea, 2 Isopoda, and 1 Cirripedia) of crustaceans are reported from the Turkish coast. Exotic crustaceans of the Turkish Seas comprises of approximately 48% of the fauna constituted by invasive species, introduced from the Levantine basin of the Mediterranean. About 34% of invasive crustaceans found on the Turkish coast are Indo-west Pacific origin. Decapods constitute majority of the species with a dominance of 38%. Lowest dominace (2%) was related to orders, Cumacea and Cirripedia a being that were represented by single species. When Levantine basin was compared to the Turkey coast, the shrimp species reported on the Turkish coast were 70% of the shrimp species of all Levantine basin. The exotic migrant crab of Indo-West Pacific, Charybdis helleri was found abundant on the entire Turkish coast of the Mediterranean. Brachyuran crab, Eurycarcinus integrifrons and the oisk shrimp, Palaemonella rotumana are the latest records of exotics for the Turkish Seas

Peracarid Crustacea fauna of rocky comminities in Turkish Aegean Sea coasts

Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin Ege Denizi kıyıları kayalık kommunitelerinin krustase faunası incelenmiştir. 1995 ve 1996 yıllarının Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında Kuzey'den Güneye doğru seçilen 20 istasyonda 0-5 m derinliklerde örnekleme yapılmıştır. Krustase klasisine ait toplam 119 tür ve 3785 birey tespit edilmiştir. İstasyonlar genelinde en dominant tür 400 bireyle (%10.57) Isopod'lardan Sphaeroma serratum olup bunu sırasıyla 319 bireyle (%8.43) Decapod'lardan Pisidia bluteli, 279 bireyle (%7.29) Amphipod'lardan Ampithoe ramondi ve 158 bireyle yine Amphipod'lardan Elasmopus pociliimanus izlemektedir. Tespit edilen Amphipod türlerinden Maera hamigera ve Stenothoe gallensis lesepsiyan türlerdir.Peracarid Crustacea fauna of rocky communities in Turkish Aegean Sea coasts. This study focused on Crustacea fauna of rocky communities of Turkish Aegean Sea coasts. Samplings were carried out a total of 20 stations was chosen from the upperinfralittoral zone located between the northern toward southern in July and June 1995-1996. A total of 119 species and 3785 specimens belonging to Crustacea were recorded. In the study area, Sphaeroma serratum was the highest dominance value with up to 400 specimens (%10.57), followed by Pisidia bluteliwith 319 specimens (%8.43), Ampithoe ramond/with 279 specimens (%7.29) and Maera hamigera with 158 specimens. Among the species identified, Maera hamigera ve Stenothoe gallensis are lessepsian species

• Successful treatment with gemtuzumab ozogamicin monotherapy in a pediatric patient with resistant relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.

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