Anticancer potential and cytotoxic effect of some freshwater cyanobacteria

Purpose: To investigate the anticancer potential and cytotoxicity of some freshwater cyanobacterial extracts on Human Colon Carcinoma (HT29), Rat Brain Glioma (C6), Human Cervix Carcinoma (HeLa), Human Lung Carcinoma (A549), Human Breast Adenocarcinoma (MCF7), Human Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hep3B) cancerous cells, African Green Monkey Kidney cells (Vero), and Human Amnion cells (FL).Methods: Chroococus minutus, Geitlerinema carotinosum, Nostoc linckia and Anabaena oryzae were collected from different freshwater habitats and identified. Each cyanobacterium was extracted with methanol. Antiproliferative activities of the cyanobacterial extracts were evaluated by [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) using HT29, C6, HeLa, A549, MCF7, Hep3B, Vero, and FL cell lines. Cytotoxicity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay.Results: The cyanobacterial extracts showed varying antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. G. carotinosum and N. linckia had significant inhibitory effect on C6 cell lines with half-maximal inhibitory (IC50) levels of 112.69 and 121.48 μg/mL, respectively. TGI values for G. carotinosum and N. linckia were 65.07 and 70.61 μg/mL, respectively. LC50 values for these two cyanobacteria were 386.64 and 760.55 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, cyanobacterium A. oryzae displayed excellent antiproliferative effect on MCF7 cancer cells (GI50 = 2.04 μg/mL). The extracts displayed the cytostatic effect on the cell lines.Conclusion: G. carotinosum, N. linckia and A. oryzae exhibit significant activity on various cancer cells. Hence these cyanobacteria may offer promise as anticancer agents.Keywords: Freshwater cyanobacteria, Anticancer, Cytotoxicity, Chroococus minutus, Geitlerinema carotinosum, Nostoc linckia, Anabaena oryza

Fatty acid constituents and anticancer activity of Cladophora fracta (OF Müller ex Vahl) Kützing

Purpose: To determine the fatty acid constituents and anticancer effect of Cladohora fractaMethods: Cladophora fracta (O.F. Müller ex Vahl) Kützing was collected from natural ponds in Tokat, Turkey. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of methanol and hexane extracts of C. fracta were investigated on human colon carcinoma (HT29) and non-tumorigenic African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell lines using BrdU cell proliferation enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test, respectively. The fatty acid composition of hexane extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: Oleic acid, palmitic acid, gamma-linoleic acid and linoleic acid were the main constituents of C. fracta. The methanol extract exhibited strong antiproliferative activity on HT29 and Vero cell lines (p < 0.05). The hexane extract revealed its good antiproliferative activity at high concentrations on both cell lines. Cytotoxicity results showed that both methanol and hexane extract had low effect on HT29 cell at low concentrations.Conclusion: Due to the strong antiproliferative effect of C. fracta methanol extract on HT29 and Vero cell lines, it has potential anticancer properties and recommended for further development as such.Keywords: Cladophora fracta, Antiproliferative activity, Anti-cancer, Cytotoxic effect, Fatty aci

Antioxidant Activities of Heracleum platytaenium extracts and Essential Oil

Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. has been used in traditional medicine. Antioxidant effect of essential oil as well as extracts of H. platytaenium was investigated. The essential oil was acquired by hydro distillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and GC-MS was used to analyze the essential oil compounds. Antioxidant capacity including ABTS+•, DPPH• scavenging and reducing power activity tests were carried out for essential oil and extracts. Moreover, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were investigated. n-Octyl acetate (36.5%), apiole (24.9%), and elemicin (20.8%) were the chief products of essential oil. The essential oil and extracts exhibited from weak to moderate activity. The total phenol varied from 19.01 to 130.99 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoid was fluctuated from 2.0 to 118.4 mg QE/g extract. The most DPPH• scavenging effect was observed in EtOAc extract (IC50 = 24.09 mg ml –1). The ABTS•+ scavenging effect of EtOAc extract was better than synthetic antioxidants BHA, BHT and Trolox

Effect of Salt and pH Stress of Bioactive Metabolite Production in Geitlerinema carotinosum

Cyanobacterial metabolites are natural products that have an important feature in pharmaceutical and medicinal industries. In this study, the presence of the secondary metabolite norharmane in the indole structure was determined in Geitlerinema carotinosum (Geitler) Anagnostidis isolated from Tokat Yesilirmak River and its production in salt stress and pH stress was investigated. In salt stress experiments, cyanobacterium was cultured for two weeks by adding NaCl to BG11 medium in erlenmayers of 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 M. pH stress was executed at 5 and 9. Norharmane amount was determined by HPLC using C18 reverse phase column at a temperature of 40 °C and a flow rate of 1 ml / min. The amount of norharman metabolite (μg/g) was calculated according to the Gauss method by drawing a calibration curve over the absorbance value of the standard 247 nm wavelength. According to the analysis results, metabolite production was 0.612, 1.299, 0.011 at 0.5 M, 1.0 M, 3.0 M respectively. At 5 M, there was no norharmane production. The norharmane production is higher at pH 5 (1.293 μg /g) than that of the pH 9 (0.448 μg /g)

Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Crataegus orientalis var. orientalis in Tokat (Türkiye) Province

Medicinal plants are quite popular in the medicine development process because they contain bioactive chemicals. Traditional medicine has made extensive use of Crataegus orientalis L., which also has significant biological effects. In this study, essential oils (EOs) of C. orientalis var. orientalis collected from Tokat-Türkiye were isolated by hydrodistillation. Chemical constituents were detected by GC-MS and benzaldehyde (%52.75), α-terpineol (%16.86), germacrene D (%7.03) and caryophyllene (%6.77) were determined as major components. Moreover, antioxidant analyses including DPPH•, ABTS+• and FRAP tests were carried out. EOs displayed good the DPPH activity (IC50, 12.21, µg/mL) in comparison to the standard BHT (IC50, 10.23 µg/mL). The same trend was observed for ABTS and FRAP assays

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Some Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) from Freshwater Sites in Tokat Province of Turkey

Collected blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) from freshwater sites throughout Tokat province and its outlying areas were isolated in laboratory environment and their morphological systematics were determined and also their species identifications were studied by molecular methods. Seven different species of blue-green algae collected from seven different sites were isolated by purifying in cultures in laboratory environment. DNA extractions were made from isolated cells and extracted DNAs were amplified by using PCR. Cyanobacteria specific primers were used to amplify 16S rRNA and phycocyanine gene regions using PCR. Phylogenetic identification of species were conducted by evaluation of obtained sequence analysis data by using computer software. According to species identification by sequence analysis, it was seen that molecular data supports morphological systematics

Nhibition of various cancer cells proliferation of bornyl acetate and essential oil from Inula graveolens (Linnaeus) Desf

Inula species are medicinal and aromatic plants used for folk medicine extensively. In this work, hydrodistilled essential oil of Inula graveolens (Linnaeus) Desf. analyzed by GC-MS which revealed that bornyl acetate was the major product (69.15%). Camphene was the second major compound (11.11%). Antiproliferative activity of the essential oil and bornyl acetate was investigated on HeLa (human cervix carcinoma), HT29 (human colon carcinoma), A549 (human lung carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cancer cells and FL (human amnion cells) normal cells. The cytotoxicity was executed by a Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Detection Kit. Essential oil and bornyl acetate displayed the outstanding activities on HeLa (IC50, 64.1, 72.0 µg/mL), HT29 (IC50, 24.6, 60.5 µg/mL), A549 (IC50, 28.3, 44.1 µg/mL), MCF-7 (IC50, 66.5, 85.6 µg/mL), and FL (IC50, 42.1, 50.6 µg/mL) cell lines respectively. © 2018 ACG Publications. All rights reserved

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Origanum syriacum L. Essential Oil Against Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica

Origanum genus belonging to the Lamiaceae family is aromatic and medicinal plant. It has been used in many countries for medicinal and pharmaceutical purpose. Aerial part of the Origanum syriacum L. was dried at shade. The essential oil was generated by steam distillation and compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. γ-terpinene (26.7%), thymol (26.6%) and carvacrol (22.9%) was detected as the mail constituents. The essential oil was tested for insecticidal activity against adult of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) using fumigation method. Essential oil revealed the excellent fumigant effect on R. dominica adults with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 0.124 µl/insect and 0.107 µl/insect for 48 h and 72 h respectively. LC50 values of S. oryzae were found as 0.173 µl/insect and 0.135 µl/insect for 48 h and 72 h respectively. As a result, essential oil of O. syriacum has a potency to be a natural insecticide

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus ebulus leaves extract: Characterization, quantitative analysis of bioactive molecules, antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Sambucus ebulus is a well-known medicinal plant used as a traditional medicine due to its bioactive compound contents. The importance of nanotechnology has increased recently since it has effective and widespread usage areas. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@Se) were synthesized using S. ebulus leaf extract and their structures were clarified by spectroscopic analyses including FTIR, UV–Vis, and XRD. The morphology and particle size of AgNPs@Se were determined by SEM analysis. Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds of S. ebulus leaf extract was defined by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activity of extract and AgNPs@Se was executed by DPPH•, ABTS•+, and FRAP assays. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was carried out using agar well diffusion and microdilution broth methods. Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds in S. ebulus leaf extract was established by HPLC. The average particle size of nanoparticles was calculated as 18.6 nm. Isoquercitrin was found as a major product. AgNPs@Se displayed excellent antioxidant activity, but they revealed a moderate antibacterial effect. The structure of nanoparticles was assigned as a face center cubic unit cell. Hence, nanoparticles could be a favorable agent for the pharmaceutical and food industry