28 research outputs found

    A Simple and Fast Method to Sequence the Full-Length Spike Gene for SARS-CoV-2 Variant Identification from Patient Samples

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    Since the beginning of the pandemic, a race has been underway to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (PCR screening, serological diagnostic kits), treat patients (drug repurposing, standard care) and develop a vaccine. After almost a year of active circulation worldwide, SARS-CoV-2 variants have appeared in different countries. Those variants include mutations in multiple regions of the genome, particularly in the spike gene. Because this surface protein is a key player in both the spread of the virus and the efficacy of vaccine strategies, the challenge is to efficiently monitor the appearance of spike mutations in the population. The present work describes a procedure based on the widely available Sanger technology to produce a full-length sequence of the spike gene from patient-derived samples

    In silico definition of HIV-1 epitopes inducing a CTL response according to the viral variability and patients’ immunogenetics

    No full text
    Le dĂ©veloppement d'un traitement curatif du virus de l’immunodĂ©ficience humaine (VIH) est devenu le dĂ©fi majeur pour le futur mais les rĂ©servoirs et une rĂ©ponse immunitaire insuffisamment efficace constituent des barriĂšres pour l’élimination du virus. La rĂ©ponse immune contre l’infection VIH dĂ©pend en partie de la capacitĂ© des cellules hĂŽtes Ă  prĂ©senter correctement les Ă©pitopes viraux pour induire une rĂ©ponse spĂ©cifique des lymphocytes T CD8+ cytotoxiques (CTL). Cette prĂ©sentation des Ă©pitopes viraux qui pourrait ĂȘtre optimisĂ©e par vaccination, dĂ©pend du systĂšme HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) du patient prĂ©sentant un dĂ©terminisme gĂ©nĂ©tique individuel. Correctement prĂ©-stimulĂ©s, les CD8 cibleraient et dĂ©truiraient efficacement les cellules productrices du virus. Les prĂ©cĂ©dents essais vaccinaux stimulant la rĂ©ponse CTL n’ont pas montrĂ© d’efficacitĂ© dans la rĂ©ponse virologique, probablement parce qu’ils sont composĂ©s d’épitopes "gĂ©nĂ©riques" et qu’ils ne prennent pas en compte la variabilitĂ© du VIH ni l’immunogĂ©nĂ©tique des patients.L’objectif de ce travail est d’identifier des Ă©pitopes archivĂ©s dans l’ADN proviral, susceptibles d’induire une rĂ©ponse CTL en considĂ©rant la variabilitĂ© du VIH-1 et la variabilitĂ© immunogĂ©nĂ©tique des patients infectĂ©s par le VIH-1 en succĂšs thĂ©rapeutique. L’idĂ©e, Ă  terme, est d’utiliser les peptides correspondants comme base de vaccin thĂ©rapeutique et de permettre au systĂšme immunitaire de prendre le relai du traitement antirĂ©troviral pour contrĂŽler l’infection virale.Cent quarante patients infectĂ©s par le VIH-1, suivis au CHU de Bordeaux en succĂšs thĂ©rapeutique depuis plus de 6 mois ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans le projet Provir/Latitude 45 entre 2012 et 2017. Une cartographie de la rĂ©partition des sous-types viraux du VIH-1 en Aquitaine a d’abord Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. L’analyse de plus de 3200 gĂ©notypes de rĂ©sistance VIH-1 effectuĂ©s entre 2012 et 2016 a permis de dĂ©terminer que le sous-type viral majoritaire infectant les patients vivants avec le VIH dans la rĂ©gion est le sous-type B, suivi du CRF02_AG qui est majoritaire parmi les sous-types viraux non B. Si l’on se focalise sur les patients inclus dans ce projet on retrouve des rĂ©partitions similaires. Suite Ă  cette premiĂšre analyse, un nouveau virus recombinant composĂ© de CRF06_cpx et de sous-type B a pu ĂȘtre identifiĂ©. Il est rĂ©fĂ©rencĂ© en tant que CRF98_cpx. Un des patients inclus au sein du projet est d’ailleurs infectĂ© par ce virus. Afin d’identifier des Ă©pitopes candidats pouvant servir de base Ă  un vaccin thĂ©rapeutique pour l’ensemble de la population ou pour un groupe de la population en fonction de leurs caractĂ©ristiques immunogĂ©nĂ©tiques, nous avons combinĂ© les donnĂ©es des sĂ©quences virales avec le typage HLA des patients afin de prĂ©dire in silico l’affinitĂ© entre un HLA et un peptide via les algorithmes d’IEDB. Pour automatiser l’analyse des donnĂ©es, un logiciel, TutuGenetics, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©. Ce logiciel instrumentalise les algorithmes d’IEDB et permet d’étudier la variabilitĂ© de la prĂ©sentation des Ă©pitopes par les diffĂ©rents HLA du patient grĂące Ă  un score MHC IC50 dĂ©terminĂ© pour chaque couple HLA-sĂ©quence virale. Ce logiciel a Ă©tĂ© validĂ© en comparant l’analyse des donnĂ©es issues du sĂ©quençage Next Generation Sequencing avec le sĂ©quençage Sanger. Finalement, pour les 140 patients inclus dans le projet Provir, TutuGenetics a effectuĂ© un dĂ©coupage des sĂ©quences virales par pas de 8 Ă  10 acides aminĂ©s et les valeurs MHC IC50 ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finies pour toutes les combinaisons HLA-Ă©pitope. Une analyse plus fine nous a ensuite permis de dĂ©terminer une liste de 15 Ă©pitopes avec une forte affinitĂ© in silico pour les HLA majoritaires finalement retenue pour une cocktail vaccinal.Ces donnĂ©es in silico vont dans une prochaine phase ĂȘtre confirmĂ©es in vitro via des tests d’immunologie fonctionnelle, puis in vivo chez le macaque.HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) cure is the major challenge of the future but latent reservoir and inefficient immune response do not allow virus elimination. The immune response against HIV infection depends on host cells ability to correctly present viral epitopes to induce specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) response. This presentation of viral epitopes which could be improved by vaccination depends on the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) system of the patient which is extremely variable. Accurately pre-stimulated, CTL would target and destroy efficiently virus-producing cells. Previous vaccine trials stimulating CTL response haven’t shown efficient virological response, presumably because epitopes used are generic without taking into account HIV-1 or patient’ immunogenetic variability.The aim of this work is to identify epitopes archived in the proviral DNA, considered to induce CTL response according to the HIV-1 and immunogenetic variability of the patients at therapeutic success. The goal is to use these peptides for a therapeutic vaccine and educate the immune system to control the viral replication without any antiretroviral treatment.One hundred and forty patients infected with HIV-1, followed at the University Hospital of Bordeaux, at therapeutic success for more than 6 months have been included in the Provir/Latitude 45 project between 2012 and 2017. A mapping of the distribution of viral subtypes of HIV-1 in Aquitaine was first performed. Analysis of more than 3200 HIV-1 genotypes conducted from 2012 to 2016 determined that the major viral subtype infecting patients living with HIV in the region is subtype B, followed by CRF02_AG which is predominant among the non-B viral subtypes. Focusing on the patients included in this project led us to find similar distributions. Following this initial analysis, a new recombinant virus composed of CRF06_cpx and subtype B could be identified. It is now referenced as CRF98_cpx. One of the patients included in the project is infected with this virus. In order to identify candidate epitopes that can serve as a therapeutic vaccine for the entire population or for a population group based on their immunogenetic characteristics, we combined the viral sequence data with the HLA typing of patients to predict the affinity in silico between an HLA and a peptide via IEDB algorithms. To automate data analysis, a software package, TutuGenetics, has been developed. This software exploits IEDB algorithms and makes it possible to study the variability of the presentation of epitopes by the different HLAs of the patient thanks to an MHC IC50 score determined for each HLA-viral sequence pair. This software has been validated by comparing the analysis of data from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with Sanger sequencing. Finally, for 140 patients included in the Provir project, TutuGenetics sliced the viral sequences in steps of 8 to 10 amino acids and MHC IC50 values were defined for all HLA-epitope combinations. A finer analysis allowed us to determine a list of 15 epitopes with high in silico affinity for major HLAs. These epitopes were selected by applying different filters and only HLA-peptide couples with more than 10 patients sequenced per position and by HLA were kept in this "Optimal_Provir" list.These in silico data will in a next phase be confirmed in vitro via functional immunology tests, then in vivo in macaques

    In silico definition of HIV-1 epitopes inducing a CTL response according to the viral variability and patients’ immunogenetics

    No full text
    Le dĂ©veloppement d'un traitement curatif du virus de l’immunodĂ©ficience humaine (VIH) est devenu le dĂ©fi majeur pour le futur mais les rĂ©servoirs et une rĂ©ponse immunitaire insuffisamment efficace constituent des barriĂšres pour l’élimination du virus. La rĂ©ponse immune contre l’infection VIH dĂ©pend en partie de la capacitĂ© des cellules hĂŽtes Ă  prĂ©senter correctement les Ă©pitopes viraux pour induire une rĂ©ponse spĂ©cifique des lymphocytes T CD8+ cytotoxiques (CTL). Cette prĂ©sentation des Ă©pitopes viraux qui pourrait ĂȘtre optimisĂ©e par vaccination, dĂ©pend du systĂšme HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) du patient prĂ©sentant un dĂ©terminisme gĂ©nĂ©tique individuel. Correctement prĂ©-stimulĂ©s, les CD8 cibleraient et dĂ©truiraient efficacement les cellules productrices du virus. Les prĂ©cĂ©dents essais vaccinaux stimulant la rĂ©ponse CTL n’ont pas montrĂ© d’efficacitĂ© dans la rĂ©ponse virologique, probablement parce qu’ils sont composĂ©s d’épitopes "gĂ©nĂ©riques" et qu’ils ne prennent pas en compte la variabilitĂ© du VIH ni l’immunogĂ©nĂ©tique des patients.L’objectif de ce travail est d’identifier des Ă©pitopes archivĂ©s dans l’ADN proviral, susceptibles d’induire une rĂ©ponse CTL en considĂ©rant la variabilitĂ© du VIH-1 et la variabilitĂ© immunogĂ©nĂ©tique des patients infectĂ©s par le VIH-1 en succĂšs thĂ©rapeutique. L’idĂ©e, Ă  terme, est d’utiliser les peptides correspondants comme base de vaccin thĂ©rapeutique et de permettre au systĂšme immunitaire de prendre le relai du traitement antirĂ©troviral pour contrĂŽler l’infection virale.Cent quarante patients infectĂ©s par le VIH-1, suivis au CHU de Bordeaux en succĂšs thĂ©rapeutique depuis plus de 6 mois ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans le projet Provir/Latitude 45 entre 2012 et 2017. Une cartographie de la rĂ©partition des sous-types viraux du VIH-1 en Aquitaine a d’abord Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. L’analyse de plus de 3200 gĂ©notypes de rĂ©sistance VIH-1 effectuĂ©s entre 2012 et 2016 a permis de dĂ©terminer que le sous-type viral majoritaire infectant les patients vivants avec le VIH dans la rĂ©gion est le sous-type B, suivi du CRF02_AG qui est majoritaire parmi les sous-types viraux non B. Si l’on se focalise sur les patients inclus dans ce projet on retrouve des rĂ©partitions similaires. Suite Ă  cette premiĂšre analyse, un nouveau virus recombinant composĂ© de CRF06_cpx et de sous-type B a pu ĂȘtre identifiĂ©. Il est rĂ©fĂ©rencĂ© en tant que CRF98_cpx. Un des patients inclus au sein du projet est d’ailleurs infectĂ© par ce virus. Afin d’identifier des Ă©pitopes candidats pouvant servir de base Ă  un vaccin thĂ©rapeutique pour l’ensemble de la population ou pour un groupe de la population en fonction de leurs caractĂ©ristiques immunogĂ©nĂ©tiques, nous avons combinĂ© les donnĂ©es des sĂ©quences virales avec le typage HLA des patients afin de prĂ©dire in silico l’affinitĂ© entre un HLA et un peptide via les algorithmes d’IEDB. Pour automatiser l’analyse des donnĂ©es, un logiciel, TutuGenetics, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©. Ce logiciel instrumentalise les algorithmes d’IEDB et permet d’étudier la variabilitĂ© de la prĂ©sentation des Ă©pitopes par les diffĂ©rents HLA du patient grĂące Ă  un score MHC IC50 dĂ©terminĂ© pour chaque couple HLA-sĂ©quence virale. Ce logiciel a Ă©tĂ© validĂ© en comparant l’analyse des donnĂ©es issues du sĂ©quençage Next Generation Sequencing avec le sĂ©quençage Sanger. Finalement, pour les 140 patients inclus dans le projet Provir, TutuGenetics a effectuĂ© un dĂ©coupage des sĂ©quences virales par pas de 8 Ă  10 acides aminĂ©s et les valeurs MHC IC50 ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finies pour toutes les combinaisons HLA-Ă©pitope. Une analyse plus fine nous a ensuite permis de dĂ©terminer une liste de 15 Ă©pitopes avec une forte affinitĂ© in silico pour les HLA majoritaires finalement retenue pour une cocktail vaccinal.Ces donnĂ©es in silico vont dans une prochaine phase ĂȘtre confirmĂ©es in vitro via des tests d’immunologie fonctionnelle, puis in vivo chez le macaque.HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) cure is the major challenge of the future but latent reservoir and inefficient immune response do not allow virus elimination. The immune response against HIV infection depends on host cells ability to correctly present viral epitopes to induce specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) response. This presentation of viral epitopes which could be improved by vaccination depends on the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) system of the patient which is extremely variable. Accurately pre-stimulated, CTL would target and destroy efficiently virus-producing cells. Previous vaccine trials stimulating CTL response haven’t shown efficient virological response, presumably because epitopes used are generic without taking into account HIV-1 or patient’ immunogenetic variability.The aim of this work is to identify epitopes archived in the proviral DNA, considered to induce CTL response according to the HIV-1 and immunogenetic variability of the patients at therapeutic success. The goal is to use these peptides for a therapeutic vaccine and educate the immune system to control the viral replication without any antiretroviral treatment.One hundred and forty patients infected with HIV-1, followed at the University Hospital of Bordeaux, at therapeutic success for more than 6 months have been included in the Provir/Latitude 45 project between 2012 and 2017. A mapping of the distribution of viral subtypes of HIV-1 in Aquitaine was first performed. Analysis of more than 3200 HIV-1 genotypes conducted from 2012 to 2016 determined that the major viral subtype infecting patients living with HIV in the region is subtype B, followed by CRF02_AG which is predominant among the non-B viral subtypes. Focusing on the patients included in this project led us to find similar distributions. Following this initial analysis, a new recombinant virus composed of CRF06_cpx and subtype B could be identified. It is now referenced as CRF98_cpx. One of the patients included in the project is infected with this virus. In order to identify candidate epitopes that can serve as a therapeutic vaccine for the entire population or for a population group based on their immunogenetic characteristics, we combined the viral sequence data with the HLA typing of patients to predict the affinity in silico between an HLA and a peptide via IEDB algorithms. To automate data analysis, a software package, TutuGenetics, has been developed. This software exploits IEDB algorithms and makes it possible to study the variability of the presentation of epitopes by the different HLAs of the patient thanks to an MHC IC50 score determined for each HLA-viral sequence pair. This software has been validated by comparing the analysis of data from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with Sanger sequencing. Finally, for 140 patients included in the Provir project, TutuGenetics sliced the viral sequences in steps of 8 to 10 amino acids and MHC IC50 values were defined for all HLA-epitope combinations. A finer analysis allowed us to determine a list of 15 epitopes with high in silico affinity for major HLAs. These epitopes were selected by applying different filters and only HLA-peptide couples with more than 10 patients sequenced per position and by HLA were kept in this "Optimal_Provir" list.These in silico data will in a next phase be confirmed in vitro via functional immunology tests, then in vivo in macaques

    Définition in silico d'épitopes induisant une réponse T cytotoxique en fonction de la variabilité virale du VIH-1 et de l'immunogénétique des patients

    No full text
    HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) cure is the major challenge of the future but latent reservoir and inefficient immune response do not allow virus elimination. The immune response against HIV infection depends on host cells ability to correctly present viral epitopes to induce specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) response. This presentation of viral epitopes which could be improved by vaccination depends on the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) system of the patient which is extremely variable. Accurately pre-stimulated, CTL would target and destroy efficiently virus-producing cells. Previous vaccine trials stimulating CTL response haven’t shown efficient virological response, presumably because epitopes used are generic without taking into account HIV-1 or patient’ immunogenetic variability.The aim of this work is to identify epitopes archived in the proviral DNA, considered to induce CTL response according to the HIV-1 and immunogenetic variability of the patients at therapeutic success. The goal is to use these peptides for a therapeutic vaccine and educate the immune system to control the viral replication without any antiretroviral treatment.One hundred and forty patients infected with HIV-1, followed at the University Hospital of Bordeaux, at therapeutic success for more than 6 months have been included in the Provir/Latitude 45 project between 2012 and 2017. A mapping of the distribution of viral subtypes of HIV-1 in Aquitaine was first performed. Analysis of more than 3200 HIV-1 genotypes conducted from 2012 to 2016 determined that the major viral subtype infecting patients living with HIV in the region is subtype B, followed by CRF02_AG which is predominant among the non-B viral subtypes. Focusing on the patients included in this project led us to find similar distributions. Following this initial analysis, a new recombinant virus composed of CRF06_cpx and subtype B could be identified. It is now referenced as CRF98_cpx. One of the patients included in the project is infected with this virus. In order to identify candidate epitopes that can serve as a therapeutic vaccine for the entire population or for a population group based on their immunogenetic characteristics, we combined the viral sequence data with the HLA typing of patients to predict the affinity in silico between an HLA and a peptide via IEDB algorithms. To automate data analysis, a software package, TutuGenetics, has been developed. This software exploits IEDB algorithms and makes it possible to study the variability of the presentation of epitopes by the different HLAs of the patient thanks to an MHC IC50 score determined for each HLA-viral sequence pair. This software has been validated by comparing the analysis of data from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with Sanger sequencing. Finally, for 140 patients included in the Provir project, TutuGenetics sliced the viral sequences in steps of 8 to 10 amino acids and MHC IC50 values were defined for all HLA-epitope combinations. A finer analysis allowed us to determine a list of 15 epitopes with high in silico affinity for major HLAs. These epitopes were selected by applying different filters and only HLA-peptide couples with more than 10 patients sequenced per position and by HLA were kept in this "Optimal_Provir" list.These in silico data will in a next phase be confirmed in vitro via functional immunology tests, then in vivo in macaques.Le dĂ©veloppement d'un traitement curatif du virus de l’immunodĂ©ficience humaine (VIH) est devenu le dĂ©fi majeur pour le futur mais les rĂ©servoirs et une rĂ©ponse immunitaire insuffisamment efficace constituent des barriĂšres pour l’élimination du virus. La rĂ©ponse immune contre l’infection VIH dĂ©pend en partie de la capacitĂ© des cellules hĂŽtes Ă  prĂ©senter correctement les Ă©pitopes viraux pour induire une rĂ©ponse spĂ©cifique des lymphocytes T CD8+ cytotoxiques (CTL). Cette prĂ©sentation des Ă©pitopes viraux qui pourrait ĂȘtre optimisĂ©e par vaccination, dĂ©pend du systĂšme HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) du patient prĂ©sentant un dĂ©terminisme gĂ©nĂ©tique individuel. Correctement prĂ©-stimulĂ©s, les CD8 cibleraient et dĂ©truiraient efficacement les cellules productrices du virus. Les prĂ©cĂ©dents essais vaccinaux stimulant la rĂ©ponse CTL n’ont pas montrĂ© d’efficacitĂ© dans la rĂ©ponse virologique, probablement parce qu’ils sont composĂ©s d’épitopes "gĂ©nĂ©riques" et qu’ils ne prennent pas en compte la variabilitĂ© du VIH ni l’immunogĂ©nĂ©tique des patients.L’objectif de ce travail est d’identifier des Ă©pitopes archivĂ©s dans l’ADN proviral, susceptibles d’induire une rĂ©ponse CTL en considĂ©rant la variabilitĂ© du VIH-1 et la variabilitĂ© immunogĂ©nĂ©tique des patients infectĂ©s par le VIH-1 en succĂšs thĂ©rapeutique. L’idĂ©e, Ă  terme, est d’utiliser les peptides correspondants comme base de vaccin thĂ©rapeutique et de permettre au systĂšme immunitaire de prendre le relai du traitement antirĂ©troviral pour contrĂŽler l’infection virale.Cent quarante patients infectĂ©s par le VIH-1, suivis au CHU de Bordeaux en succĂšs thĂ©rapeutique depuis plus de 6 mois ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans le projet Provir/Latitude 45 entre 2012 et 2017. Une cartographie de la rĂ©partition des sous-types viraux du VIH-1 en Aquitaine a d’abord Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. L’analyse de plus de 3200 gĂ©notypes de rĂ©sistance VIH-1 effectuĂ©s entre 2012 et 2016 a permis de dĂ©terminer que le sous-type viral majoritaire infectant les patients vivants avec le VIH dans la rĂ©gion est le sous-type B, suivi du CRF02_AG qui est majoritaire parmi les sous-types viraux non B. Si l’on se focalise sur les patients inclus dans ce projet on retrouve des rĂ©partitions similaires. Suite Ă  cette premiĂšre analyse, un nouveau virus recombinant composĂ© de CRF06_cpx et de sous-type B a pu ĂȘtre identifiĂ©. Il est rĂ©fĂ©rencĂ© en tant que CRF98_cpx. Un des patients inclus au sein du projet est d’ailleurs infectĂ© par ce virus. Afin d’identifier des Ă©pitopes candidats pouvant servir de base Ă  un vaccin thĂ©rapeutique pour l’ensemble de la population ou pour un groupe de la population en fonction de leurs caractĂ©ristiques immunogĂ©nĂ©tiques, nous avons combinĂ© les donnĂ©es des sĂ©quences virales avec le typage HLA des patients afin de prĂ©dire in silico l’affinitĂ© entre un HLA et un peptide via les algorithmes d’IEDB. Pour automatiser l’analyse des donnĂ©es, un logiciel, TutuGenetics, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©. Ce logiciel instrumentalise les algorithmes d’IEDB et permet d’étudier la variabilitĂ© de la prĂ©sentation des Ă©pitopes par les diffĂ©rents HLA du patient grĂące Ă  un score MHC IC50 dĂ©terminĂ© pour chaque couple HLA-sĂ©quence virale. Ce logiciel a Ă©tĂ© validĂ© en comparant l’analyse des donnĂ©es issues du sĂ©quençage Next Generation Sequencing avec le sĂ©quençage Sanger. Finalement, pour les 140 patients inclus dans le projet Provir, TutuGenetics a effectuĂ© un dĂ©coupage des sĂ©quences virales par pas de 8 Ă  10 acides aminĂ©s et les valeurs MHC IC50 ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finies pour toutes les combinaisons HLA-Ă©pitope. Une analyse plus fine nous a ensuite permis de dĂ©terminer une liste de 15 Ă©pitopes avec une forte affinitĂ© in silico pour les HLA majoritaires finalement retenue pour une cocktail vaccinal.Ces donnĂ©es in silico vont dans une prochaine phase ĂȘtre confirmĂ©es in vitro via des tests d’immunologie fonctionnelle, puis in vivo chez le macaque

    J Virol Methods

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    Adenoviruses are characterized by a large variability, reflected by their classification in species A to G. Certain species, eg A and C, could be associated with increased clinical severity, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts suggesting that in some instances species identification provides clinically relevant information. Here we designed a novel "pVI rapid typing method" to obtain quick, simple and cost effective species assignment for Adenoviruses, thanks to combined fusion temperature (Tm) and amplicon size analysis. Rapid typing results were compared to Sanger sequencing in the hexon gene for 140 Adenovirus-positive clinical samples included in the Typadeno study. Species A and C could be identified with a 100% positive predictive value, thus confirming the value of this simple typing method

    A Simple and Fast Method to Sequence the Full-Length Spike Gene for SARS-CoV-2 Variant Identification from Patient Samples

    No full text
    Since the beginning of the pandemic, a race has been underway to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (PCR screening, serological diagnostic kits), treat patients (drug repurposing, standard care) and develop a vaccine. After almost a year of active circulation worldwide, SARS-CoV-2 variants have appeared in different countries. Those variants include mutations in multiple regions of the genome, particularly in the spike gene. Because this surface protein is a key player in both the spread of the virus and the efficacy of vaccine strategies, the challenge is to efficiently monitor the appearance of spike mutations in the population. The present work describes a procedure based on the widely available Sanger technology to produce a full-length sequence of the spike gene from patient-derived samples

    Input of recombinant phenotyping for the characterization of a novel acyclovir- resistance mutation identified in a patient with recurrent herpetic keratitis

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    International audienceWe report here a case of an immunocompetent patient suffering from recurrent epithelial herpetic keratitis associated with the emergence of antiviral resistance. Indeed, the not previously described amino acid change L340R within herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, was shown to confer acyclovir-resistance by recombinant phenotyping using bacmid technology

    Sanger and Next-Generation Sequencing data for characterization of CTL epitopes in archived HIV-1 proviral DNA.

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    One of the strategies for curing viral HIV-1 is a therapeutic vaccine involving the stimulation of cytotoxic CD8-positive T cells (CTL) that are Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)-restricted. The lack of efficiency of previous vaccination strategies may have been due to the immunogenic peptides used, which could be different from a patient's virus epitopes and lead to a poor CTL response. To counteract this lack of specificity, conserved epitopes must be targeted. One alternative is to gather as many data as possible from a large number of patients on their HIV-1 proviral archived epitope variants, taking into account their genetic background to select the best presented CTL epitopes. In order to process big data generated by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the DNA of HIV-infected patients, we have developed a software package called TutuGenetics. This tool combines an alignment derived either from Sanger or NGS files, HLA typing, target gene and a CTL epitope list as input files. It allows automatic translation after correction of the alignment obtained between the HxB2 reference and the reads, followed by automatic calculation of the MHC IC50 value for each epitope variant and the HLA allele of the patient by using NetMHCpan 3.0, resulting in a csv file as output result. We validated this new tool by comparing Sanger and NGS (454, Roche) sequences obtained from the proviral DNA of patients at success of ART included in the Provir Latitude 45 study and showed a 90% correlation between the quantitative results of NGS and Sanger. This automated analysis combined with complementary samples should yield more data regarding the archived CTL epitopes according to the patients' HLA alleles and will be useful for screening epitopes that in theory are presented efficiently to the HLA groove, thus constituting promising immunogenic peptides for a therapeutic vaccine
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