Comparison of type I collagens and MMP-2 proteins in temporomandibular joint of young and old mice

Background: The effects of ageing on the histopathological changes of tem­poromandibular joint (TMJ) and the existence and age related alterations of immunochemical expressions of type I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) proteins was aimed to be displayed. Materials and methods: In this study, 14 Balb/C type white mice (50– –80 g) were included. Groups were organised as group 1 — 2-month-old young animals (n = 7) and group 2 — 18-month-old old animals (n = 7). Of the paraffin embedded tissues 4–5 μm thick sections were taken and immunohisto­chemical stainings of haematoxylin-eosin, type-1 collagen and MMP-2 were performed. Results: Collagen bundles showed sagittal and oblique localisations in the young mice, which were comprised of compact collagen bundle layers positioned alterna­tely. While collagen bundle fragmentation was observed in the disks of old mice, some disk regions showed ruptures. In the old mice a decrease in blood vessels, structural impairments and dilatation in arterioles and venules were detected. In the TMJ tissues of the young mice type I collagen and MMP-2 expressions were increased, while they were decreased in old mice. In the MMP-2 H-score evaluation young mice showed significant increase compared to the old mice. Conclusions: Occurrence of degenerations in the collagen structure of TMJ and decimation in the matrix metalloproteases were observed with age. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 329–334

Pomological traits of some selected quince types

This study was carried out in the Pozanti Agricultural Research and Application Centre of the University of Çukurova to determine some qualitative traits of promising quince types which were selected in different regions of Turkey, at Pozanti ecological conditions. Kalecik (0612), Ekmek (2604 and 2609), Cengelköy (2601), Şeker (3403), Limon (0514), Bardacik (3704), Altin Ayva (3401), Tekkes (0156), Istanbul (0518), Yerli (1918) and Eşme (5401 and 5403) were used as plant material. Some pomological traits, amounts of tannins and difficulty of swallow traits of these quince types were determined. According to the results, the largest fruits were obtained from Bardakci, Istanbul, Limon and Seker quince types respectively and the smallest fruits were obtained from Altin Ayva. On the other hand, difficulty of swallow traits were least in Seker, Limon, Tekkes and Eşme (5401) quince types respectively and the highest difficulty of swallow trait was obtained from Cengelköy

Fusion and gemination: Report of two cases

Fusion and gemination are rare occurrences in the mandibular posterior teeth. Different treatment methods can be used according to the situation. The purpose of this case report is to show surgical treatment of these teeth and to prove the exact dental anomaly by examining them histologically. A report of two cases of fused and geminated teeth are presented. The first case was an 42 year old male referred with the complaining of pain originated from the right mandibular third molar fused with a supernumerary tooth. The second case was an 23 year old male having pain in the left mandibular third molar with bifid crown. Both teeth were extracted surgically and then cut perpendicular to their long axis to investigate to name the type of the anomaly. The histological examination revealed fusion of cementum between the mandibular third molar and supernumerary fourth molar which is diagnostic for fusion of these teeth in case 1. In case 2, it was observed that the teeth were sharing same pulp chamber which is describing gemination of these teeth. We believe that diagnosing the condition will facilitate endodontic, prosthodontic, periodontic, orthodontic and surgical treatment of such teeth

Impact of glucocorticoid receptor gene Bcl-1 variant on temporomandibular disorders

Objectives: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by alterations in mandibular movement. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the Bcl1 variant of NR3C1 gene and TMD susceptibility in Turkish population. Method: NR3C1 gene BcI1 variant of 100 TMD patients and 105 healthy controls was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). Results: There was also no significant difference in regard to genotype and allele frequencies between the patients and the controls (OR 0.216 (95% Cl: 0.85-2.04); p=0.216). However, present study found that numeric pain rating scale was higher in patients with CC and CG genotypes. Discussion: Although the NR3C1 Bcl1 variant did not show any difference between the TMD and the control groups, we thought that this variant could be correlated with pain intensity in patients. Further studies with different ethnic subjects are needed to confirm the results. © 2017, Scientific Publishers of India, All rights reserved

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9\ub72 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4\u20137) and 7 (6\u20138) days respectively (P < 0\ub7001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6\ub76 versus 8\ub70 per cent; P = 0\ub7499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0\ub790, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub755 to 1\ub746; P = 0\ub7659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34\ub77 versus 39\ub75 per cent; major 3\ub73 versus 3\ub74 per cent; P = 0\ub7110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results: A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57\u201375) years (54\ub79 per cent men). Some 1153 (27\ub77 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1\u20133, of whom 1061 (92\ub70 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4\ub76 versus 4\ub78 days; hazard ratio 1\ub704, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub796 to 1\ub712; P = 0\ub7360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5\ub74 versus 4\ub76 per cent; P = 0\ub7349) or acute kidney injury (14\ub73 versus 13\ub78 per cent; P = 0\ub7666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35\ub73 versus 56\ub77 per cent; P < 0\ub7001). Conclusion: NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement