Quantifying carbon allocation to mycorrhizal fungi by temperate forest tree species across a nitrogen availability gradient

Terrestrial ecosystems make up the largest carbon pool with a major portion of that being forests. With carbon being a major concern due to global climate change, being able to make accurate models is increasingly important. Studies have shown that trees may allocate up to 50% of their photosynthetically fixed carbon underground; however these values haven’t been accurately quantified and underground carbon allocation has been historically overlooked. Mycorrhizal fungi may be a large portion of underground carbon allocation, as they have a symbiotic relationship with trees where they provide the plant with water and nutrients in return for sugars (carbon). New methods and knowledge will allow us to quantify carbon allocation and fungal biomass. Ergosterol is a biomarker that is the human equivalent of cholesterol for fungi which can be used to measure fungal biomass. Since both free-living and mycorrhizal fungi have ergosterol, a series of open and closed cores located at Bartlett Experimental Forest will separate the amount of ergosterol due to free-living versus mycorrhizal fungi. This is one of the first studies that will quantify fungal biomass and carbon allocation under a variation of natural settings and compare two different methods to estimate these values

Epidural abscess after multiple lumbar punctures for labour epidural catheter placement.

Epidural catheterization is routinely used by anaesthesiologists to provide labour and post-operative analgesia. In most cases, catheter placement is without serious side effects and uneventful. However, epidural abscess is a rare complication that may result in severe morbidity. We present a case of epidural abscess after labour epidural catheter placement in a healthy 36-year-old female who presented on post-partum d 10 with complaints of fever and back pain. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics and fully recovered

Gender Inequalities of Female Athletes In Sports

In the sports world we see everyone cheering on male athletes during games yet no one bats an eye towards female athletes and sports. Why is that? Male athletes dominate the sports world and receive all the media attention because society as a whole does not feel comfortable seeing women in a masculine role.https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/gender_studies/1036/thumbnail.jp

The Media and Human Rights: Mapping the Field

The Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights offers a comprehensive and contemporary survey of the key themes, approaches and debates in the field of media and human rights. Organised into five parts - Communication, Expression and Human Rights, Media Performance and Human Rights: Political Processes, Media Performance and Human Rights: News and Journalism, Digital Activism, Witnessing and Human Rights, and Media Representation of Human Rights: Cultural, Social, and Political – and forty-nine original chapters, this volume examines the universal principals of freedom of expression, legal instruments, the right to know, media as a human right, digital activism, witnessing, and media representation of human rights, including the role of media organisations and journalistic work. With coverage of an array of topics, including mass-surveillance, LGBT advocacy, press law, freedom of information, and children’s rights in the digital age, this Companion offers both an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to media and human rights allowing for international comparisons and varying perspectives. This volume is also the first to bring together scholarship examining media as a human right and essays examining media coverage of human rights. With its scope and ambition, The Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights sets out to chart the field and define the agenda for future research

Professional Trust In Osteopathy: A Theory For Educational Practice

This research, exploring a theory of professionalism in osteopathy, comes at an opportune moment when regulation and implications for practice are evolving in healthcare. The study sought to uncover the perceptions of osteopaths, students and patients as to their concept of professionalism and to seek a consensus on what this constitutes in osteopathy. It developed the PIECE theory of professional trust containing five key elements which are mediated by dialogue and touch used by the osteopath. The elements are Personal approach; Interaction and communication; Engagement and relationships; Customised approach; Empowerment and education. Twenty-nine interviews were undertaken using two video vignettes to prompt discussion, three facilitated and three unfacilitated focus groups with individual stakeholder groups followed, with a final focus group of mixed stakeholders to develop the final theory using Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology. The findings show how the elements of dialogue and touch are key throughout all phases of the osteopathic consultation and to the formation of professional trust in osteopathy. An important implication of these findings is that the values and attitudes are not stand-alone concepts but learnt and enacted within the clinical context, not only for students, but for clinicians throughout their working lives. The research has explored the perceptions of patients who are also learners within the osteopathic consultation. The PIECE learning cycle to build professional trust in osteopathy has been developed to aid educators and students along with the PIECE self-reflection tool for students to learn about professional trust in osteopathy

The ACA’s 2017 State Innovation Waiver: Is ERISA a Roadblock to Meaningful Healthcare Reform?

In 2017, the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) State Innovation Waiver (§1332) will enable states to waive many of the ACA’s provisions and to develop their own creative solutions to reign in healthcare spending. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) was enacted to encourage employers to sponsor benefit plans and minimize potential conflicts with existing state laws. Because of ERISA, the regulation of employee benefit plans, including health plans, falls primarily under federal jurisdiction for about 131 million people. This Note explores the ways in which ERISA presents significant roadblocks to meaningful state level healthcare reform under §1332. State laws cannot directly refer to ERISA, nor influence the benefits, administration, or structure of an ERISA plan. Also, if a state law limits employer choices too much, it will likely violate ERISA. This Note proposes that ERISA needs to be waived, amended or repealed so that states can implement meaningful healthcare reforms under §1332

Splendide Mendax: False Label Claims about High and Rising Alcohol Content of Wine

Many economists and others are interested in the phenomenon of rising alcohol content of wine and its potential causes. Has the alcohol content of wine risen—and if so, by how much, where, and when? What roles have been played by climate change and other environmental factors compared with evolving consumer preferences and expert ratings? In this paper we explore these questions using international evidence, combining time-series data on the alcohol content of wine from a large number of countries that experienced different patterns of climate change and influences of policy and demand shifts. We also examine the relationship between the actual alcohol content of wine and the alcohol content stated on the label. The systematic patterns here suggest that rising alcohol content of wine may be a nuisance by-product of producer responses to perceived market preferences for wines having riper, more-intense flavors, possibly in conjunction with evolving climate.wine grapes, alcohol percentage, climate change, labeling errors, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,