Mineralogy of particulates from semi-arid soils polluted by mining and smelting and their transformation/re-mobilization during bushfires

Tato studie se zaměřuje na půdy s obsahem odumřelé biomasy ze semiaridní oblasti znečištěné těžbou a zpracováním Cu-Pb rud na lokalitách Tsumeb a Kombat v severní Namibii. Koncentrace kontaminantů ve vzorcích byly díky aktivnímu metalurgickému provozu vyšší na lokalitě Tsumeb a dosahovaly následujících hodnot (mg/kg): As 1920, Cd 81, Cu 5840, Hg 7,66, Pb 4880, Sb 266, Zn 3310. Pro zjištění mineralogické složení částic zachycených na biomase a v těžkých půdních frakcích bylo použito kombinace RTG difrakční analýzy (XRD), skenovací elektronové mikroskopie (SEM) a elektronové mikroanalýzy (EPMA). Kvantitativní zastoupení kontaminantů v příslušných fázích bylo stanoveno pomocí autoSEM; z celkového zastoupení kontaminantu ve vzorku byla značná část vázána ve struskovém skle (As: 16,7 %; Cu: 12,7 %; Pb: 26,2 %; Zn: 33,9 %) a v hydroxidech Fe bohatých na kovy a polokovy (As: 14,4 %; Cu: 7,7 %; Pb: 21,6 %; Zn: 32,5 %). Na vzorcích půd s obsahem nekromasy byl experimentálně potvzen potenciální vliv požárů těchto prostředí na mobilizaci kontaminantů. K úplné remobilizaci Hg dochází již za teplot blízkých 300 řC. V tomto teplotním rozmezí jsou také významně uvolňovány As a Sb prostřednictvím termální degradace arsenolitu (As2O3). Při teplotách vyšších než 700 řC je mobilizováno Cd společně s As, který se...This thesis is focused on biomass-containing topsoils from a highly contaminated semi-arid area in the vicinity of mining and smelting operations in Tsumeb and Kombat in the northern Namibia. The highest concentrations of inorganic contaminants were found in samples from Tsumeb and attained the following values (mg/kg): As 1920, Cd 81, Cu 5840, Hg 7,66, Pb 4880, Sb 266, Zn 3310. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) have been used for determination of mineralogical composition of particulates adhering to surfaces of biomass and occurring in the heavy mineral fraction of topsoils. Quantitative partitioning of contaminants within individual mineral phases has been determined using autoSEM; contaminants were mainly bound in the slag glass (As: 16.7 %; Cu: 12.7 %; Pb: 26.2 %; Zn: 33.9 % of total concentration) and in metal(loid)-rich Fe-hydroxides (As: 14.4 %; Cu: 7.7 %; Pb: 21.6 %; Zn: 32.5 %). On biomass- rich topsoil samples, we have experimentally proved that bushfires can be responsible for transformation and re-mobilization of contaminants. Mercury is completely released at temperatures around 300 řC. In the same temperature range, also As anad Sb are released due to arsenolite (As2O3) thermal degradation. Cadmium is released...Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesÚstav geochemie, mineralogie a nerostných zdrojůFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Mineralogy of particulates from semi-arid soils polluted by mining and smelting and their transformation/re-mobilization during bushfires

Tato studie se zaměřuje na půdy s obsahem odumřelé biomasy ze semiaridní oblasti znečištěné těžbou a zpracováním Cu-Pb rud na lokalitách Tsumeb a Kombat v severní Namibii. Koncentrace kontaminantů ve vzorcích byly díky aktivnímu metalurgickému provozu vyšší na lokalitě Tsumeb a dosahovaly následujících hodnot (mg/kg): As 1920, Cd 81, Cu 5840, Hg 7,66, Pb 4880, Sb 266, Zn 3310. Pro zjištění mineralogické složení částic zachycených na biomase a v těžkých půdních frakcích bylo použito kombinace RTG difrakční analýzy (XRD), skenovací elektronové mikroskopie (SEM) a elektronové mikroanalýzy (EPMA). Kvantitativní zastoupení kontaminantů v příslušných fázích bylo stanoveno pomocí autoSEM; z celkového zastoupení kontaminantu ve vzorku byla značná část vázána ve struskovém skle (As: 16,7 %; Cu: 12,7 %; Pb: 26,2 %; Zn: 33,9 %) a v hydroxidech Fe bohatých na kovy a polokovy (As: 14,4 %; Cu: 7,7 %; Pb: 21,6 %; Zn: 32,5 %). Na vzorcích půd s obsahem nekromasy byl experimentálně potvzen potenciální vliv požárů těchto prostředí na mobilizaci kontaminantů. K úplné remobilizaci Hg dochází již za teplot blízkých 300 řC. V tomto teplotním rozmezí jsou také významně uvolňovány As a Sb prostřednictvím termální degradace arsenolitu (As2O3). Při teplotách vyšších než 700 řC je mobilizováno Cd společně s As, který se...This thesis is focused on biomass-containing topsoils from a highly contaminated semi-arid area in the vicinity of mining and smelting operations in Tsumeb and Kombat in the northern Namibia. The highest concentrations of inorganic contaminants were found in samples from Tsumeb and attained the following values (mg/kg): As 1920, Cd 81, Cu 5840, Hg 7,66, Pb 4880, Sb 266, Zn 3310. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) have been used for determination of mineralogical composition of particulates adhering to surfaces of biomass and occurring in the heavy mineral fraction of topsoils. Quantitative partitioning of contaminants within individual mineral phases has been determined using autoSEM; contaminants were mainly bound in the slag glass (As: 16.7 %; Cu: 12.7 %; Pb: 26.2 %; Zn: 33.9 % of total concentration) and in metal(loid)-rich Fe-hydroxides (As: 14.4 %; Cu: 7.7 %; Pb: 21.6 %; Zn: 32.5 %). On biomass- rich topsoil samples, we have experimentally proved that bushfires can be responsible for transformation and re-mobilization of contaminants. Mercury is completely released at temperatures around 300 řC. In the same temperature range, also As anad Sb are released due to arsenolite (As2O3) thermal degradation. Cadmium is released...Ústav geochemie, mineralogie a nerostných zdrojůInstitute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

The reconstruction of small hydro power Albrechtice

The aim of this diploma thesis is to find the universal characteristics of the high-speed Francis turbine of the small hydroelectric power plant Albrechtice on Orlice. Preserved historical materials and a set of measurements made by the current owner were used. In the next part, the annual energy production of this power plant was calculated

Wildfires in polluted areas: mineralogical transformations and remobilization of metal(loid)s

Wildfires contribute to the global emissions of trace elements. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on highly polluted areas near smelting/mining polluted sites in Africa, where wildfires are frequent. Experimental samples corresponding to both representative biomass-rich topsoils and grass were investigated using a combination of mineralogical and geochemical methods. Wildfires were simulated using a thermodesorption (TD) technique (75-670 řC; Hg) and newly introduced experimental set-ups (250-850 řC), enabling the online detection of the released contaminants and the sampling the aerosols and ashes. The subsequent investigation revealed the mineralogical and chemical transformations necessary for understanding the temperature- dependent releases of the metal(loid) contaminants during the simulated wildfire. The thermodesorption experiments indicated that >90 % of Hg was released at ~340 řC. A comparison with the Hg reference compounds' TD curves confirmed that the Hg in the biomass- rich topsoils occurs as a mixture of the Hg bound to the organic matter and nanocrystalline black HgS, which exhibited similarities with the TD pattern of smelter flue dust residue. The release of the other metal(loid)s from the topsoils (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) is dependent on their solid-state speciation, which was determined by..

Radioactive accessory minerals in granitoids and its changes during metamorphosis and alteration.

This paper is focused on gathering information about alterations of radioactive accessory minerals in granitic rocks. These minerals become unstable during the influence of fluids and increased temperature and pressure conditions. Allanite is usually metamict therefore it is more easily altered than others. Alteration of monazite is described as decomposing original grains which leads to the formation of secondary minerals such as allanite, apatite, minerals of thorium and epidote. Zircon is the most durable mineral mentioned in this paper. Zircon is altered mainly if it is metamict. Majority of authors agree that during alteration uranium is mobilized into fluids and thorium with REE is incorporate into the secondary minerals

Radioactive accessory minerals in granitoids and its changes during metamorphosis and alteration.

This paper is focused on gathering information about alterations of radioactive accessory minerals in granitic rocks. These minerals become unstable during the influence of fluids and increased temperature and pressure conditions. Allanite is usually metamict therefore it is more easily altered than others. Alteration of monazite is described as decomposing original grains which leads to the formation of secondary minerals such as allanite, apatite, minerals of thorium and epidote. Zircon is the most durable mineral mentioned in this paper. Zircon is altered mainly if it is metamict. Majority of authors agree that during alteration uranium is mobilized into fluids and thorium with REE is incorporate into the secondary minerals

Mineralogy of particulates from semi-arid soils polluted by mining and smelting and their transformation/re-mobilization during bushfires

This thesis is focused on biomass-containing topsoils from a highly contaminated semi-arid area in the vicinity of mining and smelting operations in Tsumeb and Kombat in the northern Namibia. The highest concentrations of inorganic contaminants were found in samples from Tsumeb and attained the following values (mg/kg): As 1920, Cd 81, Cu 5840, Hg 7,66, Pb 4880, Sb 266, Zn 3310. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) have been used for determination of mineralogical composition of particulates adhering to surfaces of biomass and occurring in the heavy mineral fraction of topsoils. Quantitative partitioning of contaminants within individual mineral phases has been determined using autoSEM; contaminants were mainly bound in the slag glass (As: 16.7 %; Cu: 12.7 %; Pb: 26.2 %; Zn: 33.9 % of total concentration) and in metal(loid)-rich Fe-hydroxides (As: 14.4 %; Cu: 7.7 %; Pb: 21.6 %; Zn: 32.5 %). On biomass- rich topsoil samples, we have experimentally proved that bushfires can be responsible for transformation and re-mobilization of contaminants. Mercury is completely released at temperatures around 300 řC. In the same temperature range, also As anad Sb are released due to arsenolite (As2O3) thermal degradation. Cadmium is released..

A study of liquids behavior in rotating vessel

Předkládaná bakalářská práce se zabývá studiem chování kapalin v rotující nádobě. Cíle této práce jsou teoretická analýza a rešerše chování kapalin v rotující nádobě, návrh a sestavení experimentu, jeho provedení a vyhodnocení. V teoretické části byly použity poznatky z hydrostatiky, praktická část byla provedena v laboratoři fluidního inženýrství na sestavené experimentální trati.The presented bachelor thesis deals with the study of liquids behaviour in rotating vessel. The aims of the thesis are theoretical analysis and recherche of the behaviour of liquids in a rotating vessel, design and construction of an experiment, its implementation and evaluation. The hydrostatic knowledge was found in the theoretical part, the practical part was placed in the laboratory of fluid engineering on the assembled experimental track.

The reconstruction of small hydro power Albrechtice

Cílem této diplomové práce je nalezení univerzální charakteristiky rychloběžné Francisovy turbíny malé vodní elektrárny Albrechtice na Orlici. K dispozici byly dochované historické materiály a soubor měření provedený současným majitelem. V další části byla vypočtena roční výroba energie touto elektrárnou.The aim of this diploma thesis is to find the universal characteristics of the high-speed Francis turbine of the small hydroelectric power plant Albrechtice on Orlice. Preserved historical materials and a set of measurements made by the current owner were used. In the next part, the annual energy production of this power plant was calculated.

Mineralogy of particulates from semi-arid soils polluted by mining and smelting and their transformation/re-mobilization during bushfires

This thesis is focused on biomass-containing topsoils from a highly contaminated semi-arid area in the vicinity of mining and smelting operations in Tsumeb and Kombat in the northern Namibia. The highest concentrations of inorganic contaminants were found in samples from Tsumeb and attained the following values (mg/kg): As 1920, Cd 81, Cu 5840, Hg 7,66, Pb 4880, Sb 266, Zn 3310. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) have been used for determination of mineralogical composition of particulates adhering to surfaces of biomass and occurring in the heavy mineral fraction of topsoils. Quantitative partitioning of contaminants within individual mineral phases has been determined using autoSEM; contaminants were mainly bound in the slag glass (As: 16.7 %; Cu: 12.7 %; Pb: 26.2 %; Zn: 33.9 % of total concentration) and in metal(loid)-rich Fe-hydroxides (As: 14.4 %; Cu: 7.7 %; Pb: 21.6 %; Zn: 32.5 %). On biomass- rich topsoil samples, we have experimentally proved that bushfires can be responsible for transformation and re-mobilization of contaminants. Mercury is completely released at temperatures around 300 řC. In the same temperature range, also As anad Sb are released due to arsenolite (As2O3) thermal degradation. Cadmium is released..