Rural Development Policies in European Union Membership Process: Evaluation in case of Turkey and Albania

This study examines situation of Turkey and Albanian rural areas and problems areasin the context of EU integration. The new policy instruments and their using to adoptCAP reforms in these countries were discussed in the study. Furthermore, Instrumentfor Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) funds was review for both countries. As a resultthese funds will be carried out just four sector, milk, meat, chicken, and fruitvegetableand aqua products for 2007-2013 period (290 million Euro) in Turkey.Albania look like as a potential member of EU, the limited efficiency of Albanianagriculture, the output and income generated from agriculture is low, as compared toEU standards. To promote EU standards, 1323 million Euro (the share of IPA is 4.6 % oftotal amount) will be used for 2008-2010 for integration to EU by Albania

Göller Bölgesinde tarla bitkileri üretiminin ekonomik analizi ve başlıca ürünlerin arz duyarlılıklarının hesaplanması

TEZ5463Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2005.xi, 105 s. : res. ; 29 cm.This study makes economic analysis and estimates supply response of major field crops (wheat, barley, chickpea and anise) grown in the Goller Region. Farm data used in the study were obtained through a questionnaire. According to the results of the study, share of land capital in farm capital is as high as 74.95%. This indicates that extensive farming is practiced in the Region. Anise and chickpea farming requires intensive labor use. The highest foreign labor percentage in total variable costs was found to be 77.02% for anise. On the other hand, barley was the crop having the greatest gross margin among the crops investigated, with a value of 81 580 000 TL/da. Diminishing role of TMO and TEKEL has adversely affected the farmers in the Region. In general, wheat production is for subsistence in small farms and market oriented in the larger ones. Barley is grown as a fodder crop, while anise is for markets in the Region. Supply response of wheat, own price elasticity and cross price elasticity of wheat with respect to the price of barley were estimated as 0. 71, 0.70 and -0.28 respectively by the wheat supply model. Barley supply model estimated supply response and own price elasticity of barley as 0.83 and -0.78 respectively. Supply response was estimated to be 0.96 for chickpea. Supply response with respect to gross production value and cross price elasticity with respect to wheat price were found to be 0.12 and -0.21 for anise.Bu çalışmada, Göller Bölgesi'nde tarla bitkileri üretimi yapan işletmelerden anket yöntemiyle elde edilen verilere dayalı olarak, tarla bitkileri üretiminin ekonomik analizinin yapılması ve bölgede yetiştirilen başlıca tarla bitkilerinin (buğday, arpa, nohut ve anason) arz duyarlılıklarının hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, arazi sermayesinin çiftlik sermayesi içindeki payı %74,95 gibi yüksek bir orandadır. Bu da bölgede ekstansif tarım yapıldığını göstermektedir. Anason ve nohut üretiminde yoğun işgücü kullanımı gerekmektedir. Toplam dekara değişken masraflar içinde yabancı işgücünün payı anason için %77,02 olarak bulunmuştur. İncelenen işletmelerde arpa ürününün dekara ortalama brüt karı ise 81.580.000 TL ile en yüksek olarak bulunmuştur. TMO'nun ve TEKEL'in piyasadan çekilmesi bölge üreticilerini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Genelde buğday üretimi küçük işletmelerde geçimlik, büyük işletmelerde piyasaya yönelik, arpa, hayvan yemi olarak, nohut ve anason ise piyasaya yönelik üretilmektedir. Tahmin edilen buğday arz modelinde; kısa dönem buğday arz esnekliği 0,71, fiyat esnekliği 0,70, rakip ürün olan arpanın çapraz esnekliği -0,28, arpa arz modelinde; arpanın kısa dönem arz esnekliği 0,83, buğdaya bağlı çarpraz esnekliği - 0,78, nohut arz modelinde; nohutun kısa dönem arz esnekliği 0,96 ve anason arz modelinde; anasonun kısa dönem GSÜD esnekliği 0,12, buğdayın çapraz esnekliği ise -0,21 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Kaynakça (s. 85-89) var

Content Structure of University Radio Stations in Turkey As Part of Their Broadcast Policy

The aim of this study was to examine to what extent university radio stationsin Turkey are an alternative to popular, commercial radio stations by analyzingthe program content and general approaches within the framework of theirmusic and program policies. Using the qualitative research method, in-depthinterviews were carried out with the employees and representatives of 25 publicand 9 foundation university radio stations across various regions and differentcities of Turkey. Twenty university radio stations were examined on site by directobservations and face-to-face interviews, and we interviewed the representativesof 14 university radio stations via telephone or video communication. Allinterviewees were asked the same semistructured questions. Furthermore, thesupervisors of the 11 sample radio stations who archive their programs regularlyselected some of the programs and shared their archives with the researchers.These selected programs were analyzed in terms of the duration of talk andmusic, and categorized according to the production elements. It was found thatuniversity radio stations in Turkey have problems with content production forvarious reasons and are exposed to certain restrictions. Therefore, in contrast tointernational practices and the existing literature, they have content similar to thatof commercial radio stations, rather than broadcasting alternative content

Sweeping the Traces of Habermasian Public Sphere in University Radio Stations: A Research from Turkey

This study focuses on freedom of expression among university radio stations in Turkey. Our aim is to reveal the obstacles university radio stations face in speaking freely and to propose a solution to them. We take our conceptual framework from the Habermasian public sphere and focus on the practice of speaking on the radio. Using a qualitative analysis method, we conducted in-depth interviews with the managers of 34 university radio stations in 21 different cities in Turkey. We found that there are many obstacles to freedom of speech facing university radio stations in Turkey

Perspectives of University Radios on Informative Broadcasting Contents: A Comparative Study Between Australia And Turkey

Being structured far from its traditional functions, and correspondingly, providing mostly music and entertainment-based content to its listeners, current radio broadcasting content has been frequently criticized by academic circles. Especially in Turkey, the majority of radios keep broadcasting popular music, entertainment, and daily comedy programs while ignoring informational fields such as news, education, culture, and arts. Even university radios, each of which should be structured as an alternative broadcasting practice, often broadcast with a style similar to popular/common radio formats. This necessitates to question the reasons underlying this situation and the approaches of university radios to instructive and informative broadcasting. Within the study, university radios in Australia which have a powerful educational and community broadcasting tradition, and those in Turkey which are rapidly increasing in number and most of which are seeking its direction, were examined in terms of their perspectives on informative broadcasting practices. In this context, face-to-face in-depth interviews were carried out with 2SER of Macquarie University and University of Technology Sydney, 2NUR of Newcastle University, 3RRR which received its first license in Royal Melbourne Technology Institute, CURTIN Radio of Curtin University, and SURG of The University of Sydney. Also, face-to-face in-depth interviews with official executives of selected state and foundation universities in Turkey including Anadolu University, Istanbul University, Ankara University, Bahçeşehir University, and Koç University were conducted. Data analyzed with a descriptive approach showed that radios in Australia having flexible and rich facilities in terms of financial and human resources as well as strong community support are able to produce more instructive and informative content. While university radios in Turkey display different trends from each other regarding content structuring, the ones in Australia have adopted principles of community broadcasting described as a third model. University radios in Turkey do not have a holistic approach to alternative broadcasting practices

History of university radio broadcasting in Turkey and its struggle for legal existence

University radio broadcasting, whose first examples in Turkey date back to the 1940s, made its main leap forward with the emergence of private radio broadcasting in the early 1990s and the increase in the number of communication and broadcasting schools at different levels. Largely unable to exist legally except for a few exceptions, university radio stations have had to deal with many problems from the first examples until today. In this study, we conducted in-depth interviews with the representatives and employees of university radio stations affiliated with 34 universities in Turkey. We found that the lack of a legal basis for university radio stations causes various problems in practice. The most important of these problems include the following: first, the practices of frequency allocation and usage fees by relevant authorities are not conducted in compliance with certain standards. Financial return models are rigid and limited; the production efficiency of a radio station is interrupted when university financial support or station management is irregular or insufficient, as well. As a result, employees experience a loss of motivation in the management and content production stages

Evaluation of Economic Structure of Cherry Growing in Turkey

Gul, Mevlut/0000-0002-0147-7228; POLAT, MEHMET/0000-0002-2415-4229; Ormeci Kart, Murside Cagla/0000-0002-9822-9908WOS: 000513347600002Cherry production has a vital role regarding income source for producers and export sources for Turkey. in Turkey, several studies have done regarding the technical practices, and most of them were not considered the economic dimension of cherry production. This research aimed to determine the production inputs, costs and profitability of cherry production. This study aims to reveal the relationship between orchard size and profitability by using general economic calculations based on Afyonkarahisar, Denizli, Isparta, Izmir, Konya and Manisa provinces, in Turkey. It is assumed that this study may be able to close the existing gap regarding other studies in the literature to a certain extent. This study support that more prominent cherry orchards had higher profits compared to smaller. the relative profit varies between 2.2 to 3.0 in the farm size groups. in this study, it was found that relative profit is the highest in the bigger-scale orchards. the most crucial problem for producers is to achieve a profitable cherry selling price. This study found the output/input ratio is high. Orchard size and production cost have a significant influence on the economic success of a cherry orchard. Production cost has a negative influence on profitability with a low cherry yield. in other words, cherry production is profitable in the research region, but some recommendations can be made within the framework of research findings to get better

Evaluierung der wirtschaftsstruktur im kirschenanbau der Türkei

Acar, Musa ( Aksaray, Yazar )Cherry production has a vital role regarding income source for producers and export sources for Turkey. In Turkey, several studies have done regarding the technical practices, and most of them were not considered the economic dimension of cherry production. This research aimed to determine the production inputs, costs and profitability of cherry production. This study aims to reveal the relationship between orchard size and profitability by using general economic calculations based on Afyonkarahisar, Denizli, Isparta, İzmir, Konya and Manisa provinces, in Turkey. It is assumed that this study may be able to close the existing gap regarding other studies in the literature to a certain extent. This study support that more prominent cherry orchards had higher profits compared to smaller. The relative profit varies between 2.2 to 3.0 in the farm size groups. In this study, it was found that relative profit is the highest in the bigger-scale orchards. The most crucial problem for producers is to achieve a profitable cherry selling price. This study found the output/input ratio is high. Orchard size and production cost have a significant influence on the economic success of a cherry orchard. Production cost has a negative influence on profitability with a low cherry yield. In other words, cherry production is profitable in the research region, but some recommendations can be made within the framework of research findings to get better

Economic analysis of early-warning system in apple cultivation: a turkish case study

WOS: 000348600800009In this study Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Nigde province' farms which are dominant in apple cultivation has been compared in terms of early warning adoption level and some social economic indicators. With this scope in the study region stratified sampling method had been used and sampling size has been determined 267 farms. In these regions early warning system has been used since the late 80's for black spot and codling moth. Especially after 2000's successful results of the system provide that a positive effect of the farmers' adoption level. According to the study results there is a high adoption level of farmers on apple cultivation from early warning system thus 41.6% of the farmers exactly adapt the pesticide application time from early warning system but farmers have lack of information about the system. There is a positive relation between adoption and education level, both levels increase at the same time. Early warning adoption levels also decrease unit production cost of apple. Relative profit has a statistically meaningful relation between early warning adoption level (p<0.05). Total pesticide cost increased 10.92% due to unnecessary usage. Many small farms in these regions can increase their income and provide market advantages with some amelioration in the early warning system, enlargement of practise areas.TAGEMGida Tarim Ve Hayvancilik Bakanligi [TAGEM-10/AR-GE/04]We would like to thank to TAGEM (project no: TAGEM-10/AR-GE/04) and Suleyman Demirel University BAP (Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit) their diverse support for this study

Economic Analysis of Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Apple Cultivation: a Turkish Case Study

WOS: 000401553600008This study aims to determine adoption level of farmers to integrated pest management (IPM) program and also to analyse the agricultural pesticide usage in apple growing. The primary data includes a research carried out through a questionnaire method which was conducted to apple producers in Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Nigde. According to the information received from the survey farms were separated into four groups according to IPM adoption level. It has been found out that the amount of pesticides used per hectare decreases according to the adoption of integrated pest management. While 1 kg apple cost found USD 0.40 in farms which does not follow IPM, USD 0.38 in farms which follow IPM. However, net profit per hectare is USD 556.75 in farms which does not follow integrated pest management; it is USD 482.51 in farms which follow high level IPM. In conclusion; to implement an efficient IPM, producers primarily should take cultural precautions and in the last resort they should look for chemical methods. They should avoid extreme use of nitrogenous fertilization, they should use high quality saplings, create a suitable ecological infrastructure and habitat management to conserve natural enemies of pests, select environment friendly pesticides, make descriptions of natural enemies of apple pests, give trainings about how to prevent pests contamination.TAGEMGida Tarim Ve Hayvancilik Bakanligi [TAGEM-10/AR-GE/04]; Suleyman Demirel University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitSuleyman Demirel UniversityWe would like to thank TAGEM (project no: TAGEM-10/AR-GE/04) and Suleyman Demirel University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit their financial support